Method and apparatus for hybrid encryption

Described herein is a combination of mixed-signal hardware and software that is capable or realizing hybrid chaotic oscillators that can be tuned digitally. This includes the type/class of chaotic oscillator, initial conditions, nonlinear elements, thresholds, nonlinear event surfaces, delays, etc. At the same time, tunable methods of how to use the chaotic oscillator information to encrypt and decrypt both analog and digital information is presented. This will make the secure information not vulnerable by digital information compromises or hardware breach.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste

Drawing Lessons from the Boom of Temporary Jobs in Spain

During the last two decades many EU countries have reformed the set of legal rules that regulate dismissals. And, in contrast with other institutional reforms of the labour market, there seems to be a common strategy of maintaining strict employment protection legislation for workers under the typical "full time"/permanent employment contract, but liberalising "atypical"/temporary/part-time employment contracts for new entrants in the labour market. As a result, the incidence of temporary employment has noticeably increased across the EU, being Spain the paramount case in this regard. In this paper we aim at two goals. First, we take stock of the available Spanish evidence regarding the consequences of a dual labour market-in which one-third of employees are under very flexible employment contracts with low severance payments and two-thirds are under permanent employment contracts with very high employment protection- and the lessons which can be drawn for other countries. Secondly, we address the puzzle of why temporary employment in Spain, despite of recent labour market reforms which have reduced firing costs under the permanent contract and restricted the use of temporary contracts, remains so high. Keywords: Temporary employment, employment protection legislation. JEL Codes: J65, J68. FEDEA -- D. T. 2001-11 by Juan J. Dolado, Carlos Garca-Serrano y Juan F. Jimeno 2 1