Summary List of the Impact of the Summer Research Experience on Future Goals as Reported by the ABC & UTP Participants^a (2008, 2010–2012).

<p>ABC = Apprenticeship Bridge to College, UTP = Undergraduate Training Program.</p>a<p>Participant exit surveys were reviewed for content-analysis; participants were asked about the impact of the summer research experience on future goals with respect to school and/or career. Percentages may not add to one-hundred due to rounding.</p><p>Summary List of the Impact of the Summer Research Experience on Future Goals as Reported by the ABC & UTP Participants^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108497#nt119" target="_blank">a</a>} (2008, 2010–2012).</p

Participant Demographic Characteristics at the Time of the Summer Research Experience, ABC (1997–1999, 2001–2012) & UTP (2001–2012)^*.

<p>ABC = Apprenticeship Bridge to College, UTP = Undergraduate Training Program, GPA = Grade Point Average, STEM = Science, Technology, Engineering, Math.</p><p>*Percentages were calculated based on valid data (excluding missing data) and may not add to one-hundred due to rounding.</p>a<p>As indicated on program application and just prior to participation.</p>b<p>For our purposes, a socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED)-population serving school included CA public high schools where the socioeconomically disadvantaged student population percent ≥50% and/or the high school academic performance index (API) <7.0 (<a href="http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/ac/ap/" target="_blank">www.cde.ca.gov/ta/ac/ap/</a>).</p>c<p>Participant’s college/university was designated an accredited postsecondary Minority Institution by the U.S. Department of Education and/or designated a Hispanic Serving/High Hispanic Enrollment Institution or designated a Historically Black College/University.</p>d<p>Current NIH Biomedical Research Training Inclusion Criteria for Underrepresented Minorities (URM) includes African Americans/Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, Native Americans/American Indians and Pacific Islanders.</p><p>Participant Demographic Characteristics at the Time of the Summer Research Experience, ABC (1997–1999, 2001–2012) & UTP (2001–2012)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108497#nt102" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

STEM Educational Progress for the ABC (1997–1999, 2001–2012) & the UTP (2001–2012) Participants^a.

<p>STEM = Science, Technology, Engineering, Math, ABC = Apprenticeship Bridge to College, UTP = Undergraduate Training Program, LLU = Loma Linda University.</p>a<p>Participant progress as of January 2013.</p><p>*Percentages were calculated based on valid follow-up data (excluding cases that were lost to follow-up) and may not add to one-hundred due to rounding.</p><p>STEM Educational Progress for the ABC (1997–1999, 2001–2012) & the UTP (2001–2012) Participants^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108497#nt121" target="_blank">a</a>}.</p

Effect Size Estimates^a^,^b for Gains in Research Skills and Self-Efficacy Outcomes After the Summer Research Experience, ABC & UTP Participants (2006, 2010–2012).

<p>ABC = Apprenticeship Bridge to College, UTP = Undergraduate Training Program.</p>a<p>The effect size reported is based on a GLM repeated measures model analyzed separately for each independent group [η² = Sum of Squares (Effect)/Sum of Squares (Total)].</p>b<p>The interpretation of the reported effect size was according to Cohen’s effect size magnitude criteria for the behavioral sciences (η² = 0.01 small; 0.09 medium; 0.25 large) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108497#pone.0108497-Merolla1" target="_blank">[44]</a>.</p><p>Effect Size Estimates^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108497#nt113" target="_blank">a</a>}^,^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108497#nt114" target="_blank">b</a>} for Gains in Research Skills and Self-Efficacy Outcomes After the Summer Research Experience, ABC & UTP Participants (2006, 2010–2012).</p

Summary List of the Most Valuable Aspects of the Summer Research Experience as Reported by the ABC & UTP Participants^a (2008, 2010–2012).

<p>ABC = Apprenticeship Bridge to College, UTP = Undergraduate Training Program.</p>a<p>Participant exit surveys were reviewed for content-analysis; participants were asked to provide details regarding the most valuable/most beneficial aspect of the summer research experience. Percentages may not add to one-hundred due to rounding.</p>b<p>Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York, W.H. Freeman and Company. Four (4) sources of self-efficacy influence: Enactive Mastery Experiences, Vicarious Experiences (Modeling), Verbal Persuasion, and Physiological and Affective States. No ABC or UTP participant responses were representative of Physiological or Affective States.</p><p>Summary List of the Most Valuable Aspects of the Summer Research Experience as Reported by the ABC & UTP Participants^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108497#nt116" target="_blank">a</a>} (2008, 2010–2012).</p

ABC & UTP participant self-assessment of academic and research self-efficacy before and after the summer research experience (2006, 2010–2012).

<p>The academic and research self-efficacy variables are presented as means ± SEM (maximum possible is 60). *<i>p</i><0.05 for the Pre mean comparison between the ABC and the UTP group. ∧<i>p</i><0.05 for the Pre to Post paired mean comparison for the indicated group. ∧∧∧<i>p</i><0.001 for the Pre to Post paired mean comparison for all of the groups.</p

TMAs used for immunohistochemical analysis of LEDGF/p75 protein expression in tumors.

<p>TMAs used for immunohistochemical analysis of LEDGF/p75 protein expression in tumors.</p

Elevated immunohistochemical expression of LEDGF/p75 protein in five tumor types compared to corresponding normal tissues.

<p>Tissue microarrays were stained with antibody against LEDGF/p75, and the individual cores were blindly scored using the following scale: 0 = no staining, 1 = low staining, 2 = moderate staining, 3 = strong staining. Scored tissues were pooled into two groups: low staining (scores 0 and 1, dark bars) and high staining (scores 2 and 3, light bars). The percentage of specimens in the two staining categories was plotted for tumor tissues compared to normal (including disease-free normal and normal adjacent) tissues. *<i>P</i><0.05; **<i>P</i><0.01. <i>P</i> values were determined with Fisher's exact test.</p

LEDGF/p75 transcript expression in human tumors determined by analysis of Oncomine cancer gene microarray database.

<p>*P<0.05.</p

Transcript expression of LEDGF/p75 in eight human cancer types determined by TissueScan Cancer Q-PCR analysis.

<p>Data were analyzed using the ΔΔCt method with values normalized to β-actin levels. The y-axis represents the induction fold of the LEDGF/p75 mRNA level in eight cancer types (n = 9) compared to matching normal adjacent tissues (n = 3) in the array. Error bars displays the range of standard error. * <i>P</i><0.05. <i>P</i> values were determined with Student's t-test.</p