Effect of the Substrate on morphological variables of <i>P</i>. <i>oceanica</i> seedlings.

<p>Mean values + standard errors are shown only for those variables for which a significant effect of the factor Substrate was detected. Letters above standard error bars indicate significant differences between treatment levels.</p

Effect of complexity on the ability of rocky substrates to retain seedlings (retention rate) under a moderate hydrodynamic regime.

<p>Letters above standard error bars indicate significant differences between treatment levels.</p

Culture facility and stages of seedling development.

<p>(a) <i>P</i>. <i>oceanica</i> seedling at seeding; (b) one of the six tanks of the culture system (1,000 L), with one box for each level of the experimental treatment: Sand, Rock Low, Rock Medium, Rock High; (c) seedlings immediately after being released on Sand at the beginning of the experiment (June 2010); (d) development of a halo of hairs (RH) on seedling roots; (e) and (f) seedlings growing on rocks and on sand at the end of the experiment (October 2010); (g) and (h) seedlings anchored to rocks and root system development; (i) root hairs (RH) on a rocky substrate covered by the adhesive substance.</p

Mean number (n) ± standard error and frequency distribution of crevices according to four size classes at each of the three levels of rocky substrate complexity.

<p>Mean number (n) ± standard error and frequency distribution of crevices according to four size classes at each of the three levels of rocky substrate complexity.</p