Correlation between AMIF-TB (A), AMIF-HF (B), and CORR-TB (C) with sleep latency from MSLT of all subjects, when using averages.

<p>Sleepy group, in blue, alert group, in red. Regression lines are represented in black. Note that patients with shorter sleep latencies showed an increased regularity of the RR rhythm in (A) <i>rho</i> -0.47, (B) <i>rho</i> -0.49 and (C) <i>rho</i> -0.41 (all <i>p</i><0.05). Abbreviations: Auto-mutual information function (AMIF) in: total band (AMIF-TB), high-frequency band (AMIF-HF); Correntropy function in total band (CORR-TB); MSLT, Multiple Sleep Latency Test.</p

Sleep Study Design.

<p>ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; HAD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale PSG, Polysomnography; MWT, Maintenance of Wakefulness Test; MSLT, Multiple Sleep Latency Test.</p><p>Sleep Study Design.</p

Additional file 1: of Exploring the presence of narcolepsy in patients with schizophrenia

Screening questionnaires: This questionnaire was developed as a screening tool for the main symptoms of narcolepsy. (DOCX 13 kb

Representation of AMIF-HF and mean RR interval throughout the 5 blocks of MWT and MSLT.

<p>Sleepy group, in blue, alert group, in red. Point and error bars represent mean ± standart errors. In graphic (A), SG shows an increased regularity of RR rhythm during almost all nap tests in comparison to AG, especially at the MSLT. Within each group, however, there is a type of nap test effect, with increased values at the MSLT in comparison to MWT. In graphic (B), both groups show a reliably longer mean RR interval (i.e. slower heart rate) during MSLT as compared to MWT, but there are no differences between groups in any test. The lowest values of all naps are seen during the 1^st and 4^th block, after breakfast and lunch time. Abbreviations: SG, sleepy group; AG, alert group; AMIF-HF, Auto-mutual information function in high frequency band; mean RR, mean RR interval; MWT, maintenance of wakefulness test; MSLT, multiple sleep latency test.</p

Discrimination between the SG and AG at the MSLT.

<p>Abbreviations: SG, Sleepy Group; AG, Alert Group; MSLT, multiple sleep latency test; Sen, sensitivity; Spe, specificity, AUC, area under the curve; Auto-mutual information function (AMIF) in: total band (AMIF-TB),) and high-frequency band (AMIF-HF); Correntropy in total band (CORR-TB).</p><p>Discrimination between the SG and AG at the MSLT.</p

Comparison between the first 44 subjects who were diagnosed with IRBD between November 1991 and March 2003, and the following 130 who were diagnosed between April 2003 and July 2013.

<p>Data are given in number, mean, standard deviation and range. RBD = REM sleep behavior disorder; PD = Parkinson disease; DLB = dementia with Lewy bodies; MSA = multiple system atrophy; MCI = mild cognitive impairment.</p

Rates of neurological-disease-free-survival according to the time of IRBD diagnosis in the 174 patients from the cohort.

<p>Rates of neurological-disease-free-survival according to the time of IRBD diagnosis in the 174 patients from the cohort.</p

University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) scores.

<p>UPSIT scores in LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson’s disease patients, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy controls (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108982#pone-0108982-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.A). UPSIT score in each group separated by sex (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108982#pone-0108982-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.B). Circles represent individual values, while the bar refers to the mean UPSIT score in each group. IPD: idiopathic Parkinson’s disease; LRRK2-PD: LRRK2 associated Parkinson’s disease, HS: healthy subjects.</p

Nonmotor symptoms in patients with <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S associated Parkinson’s disease, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects.

<p><i>LRRK2</i> G2019S PD: <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S-related Parkinson’s disease; IPD: Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease; HS: healthy subjects. G-I: Gastro-intestinal; RBD: REM behavior disorder; EDS: excessive daytime sleepiness.</p>#<p>Chi-square test;</p>±<p>Fisher’s exact test;</p>¶<p>Kruskal-Wallis analysis;</p>§<p>Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test;</p><p>*Statistically significant: <i>P<</i>0.05;</p>1<p>Mean ± Standard deviation (Range);</p>2<p>Hyposmia was arbitrarily defined as an UPSIT score lower than the mean–2 SD UPSIT score obtained in a subset of healthy subjects of the same gender and similar age.</p><p>Nonmotor symptoms in patients with <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S associated Parkinson’s disease, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects.</p

Estimated presence of nonmotor symptoms in <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S Parkinson’s disease patients and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients in relation to onset of motor symptoms.

<p><i>LRRK2</i> G2019S PD: <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S related Parkinson’s disease; IPD: Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, OMS: onset of motor symptoms, RBD: REM sleep behavior disorder, EDS: excessive daytime sleepiness.</p><p>Estimated presence of nonmotor symptoms in <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S Parkinson’s disease patients and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients in relation to onset of motor symptoms.</p