642 research outputs found
Results of a Feasibility and Acceptability Trial of an Online Smoking Cessation Program Targeting Young Adult Nondaily Smokers
Despite increases in nondaily smoking among young adults, no prior research has aimed to develop and test an intervention targeting this group. Thus, we aimed to develop and test the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of an online intervention targeting college student nondaily smokers. We conducted a one-arm feasibility and acceptability trial of a four-week online intervention with weekly contacts among 31 college student nondaily smokers. We conducted assessments at baseline (B), end of treatment (EOT), and six-week followup (FU). We maintained a 100% retention rate over the 10-week period. Google Analytics data indicated positive utilization results, and 71.0% were satisfied with the program. There were increases (P < .001) in the number of people refraining from smoking for the past 30 days and reducing their smoking from B to EOT and to FU, with additional individuals reporting being quit despite recent smoking. Participants also increased in their perceptions of how bothersome secondhand smoke is to others (P < .05); however, no other attitudinal variables were altered. Thus, this intervention demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness among college-aged nondaily smokers. Additional research is needed to understand how nondaily smokers define cessation, improve measures for cessation, and examine theoretical constructs related to smoking among this population
Point-of-sale marketing and context of marijuana retailers: Assessing reliability and generalizability of the marijuana retail surveillance tool
As recreational marijuana expands, standardized surveillance measures examining the retail environment are critical for informing policy and enforcement. We conducted a reliability and generalizability study using a previously developed tool involving assessment of a sample of 25 randomly selected Seattle recreational marijuana retailers (20 recreational; 5 recreational/medical) in 2017. The tool assessed: 1) contextual/neighborhood features (i.e., facilities nearby); 2) compliance/security (e.g., age-of-sale signage, age verification); and 3) marketing (i.e., promotions, product availability, price). We found that retailers were commonly within two blocks of restaurants (nโฏ=โฏ23), grocery stores (nโฏ=โฏ17), liquor stores (nโฏ=โฏ13), and bars/clubs (nโฏ=โฏ11). Additionally, two were within two blocks of schools, and four were within two blocks of parks. Almost all (nโฏ=โฏ23) had exterior signage indicating the minimum age requirement, and 23 verified age. Two retailers had exterior ads for marijuana, and 24 had interior ads. Overall, there were 76 interior ads (Mโฏ=โฏ3.04; SDโฏ=โฏ1.84), most commonly for edibles (nโฏ=โฏ28). At least one price promotion/discount was recorded in 17 retailers, most commonly in the form of loyalty membership programs (nโฏ=โฏ10) or daily/weekly deals (nโฏ=โฏ10). One retailer displayed potential health harms/warnings, while three posted some health claim. Products available across product categories were similar; we also noted instances of selling retailer-branded apparel/ paraphernalia (which is prohibited). Lowest price/unit across product categories demonstrated low variability across retailers. This study documented high inter-rater reliability of the surveillance tool (Kappasโฏ=โฏ0.73 to 1.00). In conclusion, this tool can be used in future research and practice aimed at examining retailers marketing practices and regulatory compliance. Keywords: Marijuana use, Retail environment, Marketing, Recreational marijuana, Measure developmen
The Impact of Tobacco Use on COVID-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Introduction. Tobacco use increases risks for numerous diseases, including respiratory illnesses. We examined the literature to determine whether a history of tobacco use increases risks for adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients. Methods. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, LitCovid, Scopus, and Europe PMC (for preprints) using COVID-19 and tobacco-related terms. We included studies of human subjects with lab-confirmed COVID-19 infections that examined tobacco use history as an exposure and used multivariable analyses. The data was collected between March 31st, 2020, and February 20th, 2021. Outcomes included mortality, hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and illness severity. Results. Among the 39 studies (33 peer-reviewed, 6 preprints) included, the most common outcome assessed was mortality (n=32). The majority of these studies (17/32) found that tobacco use increased risk, one found decreased risk, and 14 found no association. Tobacco use was associated with increased risk of hospitalization in 7 of 10 studies, ICU admission in 6 of 9 studies, mechanical ventilation in 2 of 6 studies, and illness severity in 3 of 9 studies. One study found that tobacco use history increased risk of pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients. Tobacco use was found to compound risks associated with diabetes (n=1), cancer (n=2), and chronic liver disease (n=1). Conclusion. There is strong evidence that tobacco use increases risks of mortality and disease severity/progression among COVID-19 patients. Public health efforts during the pandemic should encourage tobacco users to quit use and seek care early and promote vaccination and other preventive behaviors among those with a history of tobacco use
Providersโ Perspectives on Addressing Health Risk Behaviors and Mental Health among Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cance
Objectives: We examined healthcare providersโ perspectives on how childhood cancer impacts young adult health behaviors and psychosocial functioning, how healthy lifestyle and psychosocial issues are addressed in this population, challenges related to addressing these issues, and potential resources for addressing them.Methods: In 2012, we recruited 21 healthcare providers (e.g., oncologists, nurses, social workers) who treat young adult survivors of childhood cancer from a childrenโs hospital and a cancer center in the Southeastern U.S. to complete telephone-based semi-structured interviews.Results: Our sample was an average of 45.95 (SD=7.57) years old, 52.4% female, and 81.0% MDs. Most mentioned that the impact of cancer on health risk behaviors and psychosocial functioning depended on several things including social support and other environmental factors. Participants indicated several general activities and approaches aimed at addressing healthy lifestyles among this population. Participants reported a range of health education, from minimal education to continuous education throughout treatment and survivorship. Providers indicated a team-oriented approach to addressing psychosocial issues and that the survivorship program addressed the complications of obtaining insurance, education and employment, and reproductive health within this population. A major factor was the involvement of the family in addressing these issues. Providersโ challenges in intervening included limited time, resources, financial support, and referral options. Participants suggested resources to address these challenges.Conclusions: Several resources are needed to address the challenges faced by practitioners in addressing young adult survivorsโ issues, including physical resources, social support resources, education for patients and healthcare providers, and programs to provide financial support
Pilot Study Results from a Brief Intervention to Create Smoke-Free Homes
Very few community-based intervention studies have examined how to effectively increase the adoption of smoke-free homes. A pilot study was conducted to test the feasibility, acceptability, and short-term outcomes of a brief, four-component intervention for promoting smoke-free home policies among low-income households. We recruited forty participants (20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers) to receive the intervention at two-week intervals. The design was a pretest-posttest with follow-up at two weeks after intervention. The primary outcome measure was self-reported presence of a total home smoking ban. At follow-up, 78% of participants reported having tried to establish a smoke-free rule in their home, with significantly more nonsmokers attempting a smoke-free home than smokers (P = .03). These attempts led to increased smoking restrictions, that is, going from no ban to a partial or total ban, or from a partial to a total ban, in 43% of the homes. At follow-up, 33% of the participants reported having made their home totally smoke-free. Additionally, smokers reported smoking fewer cigarettes per day. Results suggest that the intervention is promising and warrants a rigorous efficacy trial
Inactive and sedentary lifestyles amongst ambulatory adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy
textabstractBackground: To assess physical behaviour, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour, of ambulatory adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). We compared participant physical behaviour to that of able-bodied persons and assessed differences related to Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) level and CP distribution (unilateral/bilateral). Methods. In 48 ambulatory persons aged 16 to 24 years with spastic CP and in 32 able-bodied controls, physical behaviour was objectively determined with an accelerometer-based activity monitor. Total duration, intensity and type of physical activity were assessed and sedentary time was determined (lying and sitting). Furthermore, distribution of walking bouts and sitting bouts was specified. Results: Adolescents and young adults with CP spent 8.6% of 24 hours physically active and 79.5% sedentary, corresponding with respectively 123 minutes and 1147 minutes per 24 hours. Compared to able-bodie
แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแขแแแ แแ แแแแขแแแแ แแแฃแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแแ แแแฌแแ แแแแแก แแฃแแฎแแ - แจแแแแ แแแ แแแ แแแฃแ แแแแแแแแแแแ
Introduction: The use of novel tobacco products, such as heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (referred to as an electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS)), is increasing among the youth globally. Among the key factors contributing to increased use is tobacco marketing, including advertising emphasizing flavored products, which influences perceptions, especially among youth. In Georgia, recent efforts have strengthened tobacco control, with the "new generation" tobacco control legislation adopted in 2017. Consequently, the trend of individual tobacco product (for example cigarettes) consumption has decreased. However, 2019 researches shows that the trend of using novel tobacco products among young people is increasing. The share of novel tobacco products in the market of Georgia started to grow largely in 2019. Perhaps relatedly, youth continue to show high rates of tobacco consumption in Georgia. The primary aim of this study is to investigate/analyze Georgia\u27s responses to addressing tobacco use in youth and identify gaps and challenges of Georgian policy regarding the regulation of novel tobacco products through comparisons with European policy approaches. Methods: This study identified policy documents specifying legislation (e.g., laws and bylaws, government documents, including state strategies and working plans, official announcements, and minutes from official meetings), through Internet search engines, official legislative web pages, and Ministry websites. Comparative analysis was used to identify challenges in the tobacco control policy of Georgia and assess its alignment with international standards. We compared the features of the Georgian policy with key measures for regulating novel tobacco products outlined in the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and European Union (EU) legislation (e.g Regulating tobacco product content and disclosure; Packaging and labelling of tobacco products; Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, tobacco industry interfare in tobacco control policy, etc.). Results: Considering the analysis of effective policy characteristics for preventing tobacco use among young people, as outlined by the WHO and the EU, it is evident that Georgia\u27s tobacco control legislation has significant gaps. Youth prevention policies addressing these products are relatively weak. The current legislation does not include restrictions on marketing of novel tobacco products emphasizing flavors, nor does it include restrictions or limitations on using flavorings/additives in any type of tobacco. Only the concentration of emitted substances in cigarettes and amount of nicotine in e-cigarette liquid is limited. However, compliance with these requirements has never been assessed; There is no local laboratory that tests any kind of tobacco product and no samples have ever been sent to any laboratory abroad. ENNDS represent a particular policy challenge, as they are not considered as tobacco products, and no tobacco control legislative requirements apply to them. Tobacco industry interference with Georgiaโs tobacco legislation has also been documented to be high; Thus, it is likely that introduction of the control policies on novel product will be met with great resistance, especially since no research has yet been conducted recent years to reveal rates of novel tobacco products use by youth. Conclusions: This study provides the first assessment regarding how Georgia has responded to the growing popularity of novel tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes and HTPs, indicating that its tobacco control legislation has mainly addressed traditional tobacco products but largely neglected these novel products. The tobacco industry has taken advantage of the policy loopholes, and Georgia has become a favorable market for the novel tobacco product industry in recent years. Current findings provide evidence for decision-makers to inform the development of effective regulation and enformcement mechanism of flavored novel tobacco products, as gaps in the current regulations will likely will lead to increased use, particularly among youth.แจแแกแแแแแ: แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแแ แแ แแแฃแฅแขแแแแก, แ แแแแ แแชแแ แแแกแแฎแฃแ แแแแแ แแแแแแฅแ (HTP) แแ แแแแฅแขแ แแแฃแแ แกแแแแ แแขแ (แแแฎแกแแแแแแฃแแ, แ แแแแ แช แแแแแขแแแแก แแแแฅแขแ แแแฃแแ แแแฌแแแแแแก แกแแกแขแแแแแ (ENDS) แแ แฃแแแแแขแแแ แแแแฅแขแ แแแฃแแ แแแฌแแแแแแก แกแแกแขแแแแแ (ENNDS)) แแแแฃแแแ แแแ แแฎแแแแแแ แแแแก แจแแ แแก แกแฃแ แฃแคแ แ แแแ แแแแ แแกแแคแแแแจแ. แแฆแแแจแแฃแแแกย แแแแแแฌแแแแ แแแแจแแแแแแแแแ แคแแฅแขแแ แ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแ แแแขแแแแแ, แแแ แจแแ แแก แแ แแแแขแแแแขแแ แแแแก แแแแแงแแแแแแก แแแแ, แ แแช แแแแแแแแก แแฎแแแแก แแแแแแแแแ, แแ แแแแกแแแฃแแ แแแแ, แแฎแแแแแแ แแแแแก แแฆแฅแแแแ. แแแแ แแแ แแแแจแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแซแแแแ แแแแกแแแแก แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแจแ แแแฌแแฃแแ แซแแแแกแฎแแแแแก แจแแแแแแ, แแแแกแแแฃแแ แแแแ 2017 แฌแแแก แฌแแแก แจแแแแแ, แ แแแแกแแช แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแ แแแแแแขแแ แแแแฆแ โแแฎแแแ แแแแแแกโ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแแแแแแแแแ, แชแแแแแฃแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแฌแแ แแแก (แแแแแแแแแ แกแแแแ แแขแแก) แแแฎแแแ แแแแก แแแฉแแแแแแแแ แจแแแชแแ แแ. แแฃแแชแ, 2019 แฌแแแก แแแแแแแแแแแ แฉแแแก, แ แแ แแแแ แแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแแ แแแฌแแ แแแแแก แแแแแงแแแแแแก แขแแแแแแชแแ แแฎแแแแแแ แแแแจแ.ย แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแ แแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแแ แแแฌแแ แแแแแก แฌแแแแ แแ แแ แแแขแฌแแแแ 2019 แฌแแแแแ แแแแฌแงแ, แ แแก แแแแแช, แแ แแแ แแแแแก แจแแแแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแฎแแแ แแแแก แแแฉแแแแแแแแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแฎแแแแแแ แแแแจแ แกแแแแ แแฃแแแ แแแแแ แแแแแแ แแ.ย ย ย ย ย ย ย แฌแแแแแแแแแ แ แกแขแแขแแแ แฌแแ แแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแก แแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแก/แแแแแแแแแแก แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแกแฃแฎแ แแฎแแแแแแ แแแแจแ แแแฌแแแแก แแแแ แแ แแแฉแแแแแแแแก แแแแแ แ แแ แแแแแแแแแแแก แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแแ แแ แแแฃแฅแขแแแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแขแแแแก แฎแแ แแแแแแ แแ แแแแแฌแแแแแแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแจแ, แแแ แแแฃแ แแแแแแแแแแ แแแงแ แแแแแแ. แแแแแแแแแแแ: แแแแแแแก แคแแ แแแแแจแ แแแแแงแแแแแฃแแแ แแแแฃแแแแขแฃแ แ แแ แแฆแฌแแ แแแ แกแแแแ แแแแแ แแแ แแแแแแแก, แจแแแแ แแแแแ แแแแแแแแก, แแ แแกแแแ, แแแแแขแแแแก แแแแแแแก แแแแแแแแ. แแแแแขแแแแก แแแแฃแแแแขแแแ แแแแซแแแแ แแแขแแ แแแขแแก แกแแซแแแแ แกแแกแขแแแแแจแ, แแคแแชแแแแฃแ แกแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแ แกแแแแแแ แแแ แแแแแแแ แแแแแ. แแแแซแแแแฃแแ แแแแฃแแแแขแแแ แแแแชแแแก แแแแแแแแก, แแแแแแฅแแแแแแแแ แ แแฅแขแแแก, แกแแแแแแ แแแ แแแแฃแแแแขแแแก, แแแ แจแแ แแก, แกแแฎแแแแฌแแคแ แกแขแ แแขแแแแแแก แแ แกแแแฃแจแแ แแแแแแแก, แกแขแแขแแกแขแแแฃแ แแแคแแ แแแชแแแแก, แแคแแชแแแแฃแ แแแแชแฎแแแแแแแก แแ แจแแฎแแแแ แแก แแฅแแแแก. แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแ แกแแแฃแแ แแแแแฌแแแแแแแก แแ แกแแแ แแแจแแ แแกแ แแแแแแแแแแแ แแแกแ แจแแกแแแแแแกแแแแก แแแแแกแแแแแแแ, แจแแแแ แแแแแ แแแแแแแแก แกแแคแฃแซแแแแแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแขแแแแก แแแฎแแกแแแแแแแแแ แจแแแแ แแแฃแแ แแฅแแ แฏแแแแ แแแแแแแก แแกแแคแแแ แแ แแแแแแแชแแแก แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แฉแแ แฉแ แแแแแแแชแแแแ แแ แแแ แแแแแจแแ แแก แแแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแแ แแ แแแฃแฅแขแแแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แซแแ แแแแ แแแแแแแแ (แแแ.: แแแแแแฅแแก แแแฌแแ แแแก แจแแแแแแแแแแแแก แแแแขแ แแแ, แ แแแแแแแก, แกแแแแกแแ แแแแก แแ แแแแฃแแแ แแแแชแแแก แแแ แซแแแแ, แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแฃแกแขแ แแแก แฉแแฃแ แแแแแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแขแแแแจแ, แแ แกแฎแแ). แแแแแแแก แจแแแแแแแ: แแฎแแแแแแ แแแแจแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแฎแแแ แแแแก แแ แแแแแชแแแกแแแ แแแแแ แแฃแแ แแคแแฅแขแฃแ แ แแแแแขแแแแก แแ แแแฎแแกแแแแแแแแแแก แแแแแแแแก แแแแแแแแกแฌแแแแแแ, แ แแแแแแแช แฏแแแแ แแแแแแแก แแกแแคแแแ แแ แแแแแแแชแแแก แแ แแแ แแแแแจแแ แแก แแแแ แแ แแแแแแแแแ, แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแแแแแแแแแ แจแแแชแแแก แแแแ แฎแแ แแแแก แแ แแฎแแแแแแ แแแแแก แแแแ แแ แแ แแแฃแฅแขแแแแก แแแแแงแแแแแแก แแ แแแแแชแแแก แแแแแขแแแ แกแฃแกแขแแ. ย แฅแแ แแฃแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแ แแ แแแแขแแแแขแแ แแแแก แแแแแงแแแแแแก แแแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแฌแแ แแแก แแแ แแแขแแแแแก แแแ แซแแแแแก แแ แแแแแแแกแฌแแแแแก. แแแฅแแแแ แ แแแฃแแแ แแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแ แช แแ แ แแ แแแฃแฅแขแจแ แแ แแฆแฃแแแแก แแ แแแแขแแแแขแแ แแแแก/แแแแแแแขแแแแก แแแแแงแแแแแแก. แแแแแแแแแแ แแฎแแแแ แกแแแแ แแขแแแแแแ แแแแแคแ แฅแแแฃแแ แแแแแแแ แแแแแแก แแฆแแ แฃแแ แแแแแแแแแ แแ แแแแแขแแแแก แแแฅแกแแแแแฃแ แ แแแแแแแ แแแแแขแแแแก แจแแแชแแแแ แแแแฅแขแ แแแฃแแ แกแแแแ แแขแแก แกแแแฎแแแแแกแแแแก, แแฃแแชแ แแ แแแแฎแแแแแแแแ แจแแกแแแแแแกแแแ แแ แแกแแแแก แจแแแแฌแแแแฃแแ. แแ แแ แกแแแแแก แแแแแแแแ แแแ แแแแแ แแขแแ แแ, แ แแแแแแช แจแแแแแฌแแแแก แแแแแแฅแแก แ แแแแแแแ แแแฌแแ แแแก แจแแแแแแแแแแแแก. แแ แช แฃแชแฎแ แฅแแแงแแแก แแแแแ แแขแแ แแแจแ แแแแแแแแแแ แแแแกแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แ แแแแแแแ แแแฌแแ แแแก แแแแฃแจแแแ. แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแขแแแแก แแแแ แแแแแฌแแแแแ แฃแแแแแขแแ แแแแฅแขแ แแแฃแแ แกแแแแ แแขแแแ, แ แแแแแแช แแ แแแแแฎแแแแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแฌแแ แแแ แแ แแแแแ แแ แแ แชแแแแแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแแแแแแแแแแก แแแแฎแแแแแแ. แฅแแแงแแแแจแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแขแแแแก แกแแแแแฎแแแจแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแฃแกแขแ แแแก แฉแแ แแแแก แกแแแแแแแจแแ แแแฆแแแ แแแแแฅแกแแก แแแแแแแแกแฌแแแแแแ, แกแแแแ แแฃแแแ, แ แแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแ แแ แแแฃแฅแขแแ แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแขแแแแก แแแแแ แแแแก แแแแ แฌแแแแแฆแแแแแแแ แจแแฎแแแแแ, แแแ แฃแคแ แ แแแแก แแแแแแแแกแฌแแแแแแ, แ แแ แแแแ แฌแแแแจแ แฉแแขแแ แแแฃแแ แแแแแแ แแฎแแแแแแ แแแแแก แแแแ แแแแแแฅแ แแฎแแแ แแแฌแแ แแแก แแแฎแแแ แแแแก แแแฉแแแแแแแแก แแแแแกแแแแแแแ. แแแกแแแแ: แแก แแแแแแ แฌแแ แแแแแแแแก แแแ แแแ แจแแคแแกแแแแก แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแจแ แแแแก แจแแกแแฎแแ, แแฃ แ แแแแ แ แแแแแ แแแก แฅแแแงแแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแแ แแ แแแฃแฅแขแแแแก (แแแแฅแขแ แแแฃแแ แกแแแแ แแขแ, แแแกแแฎแฃแ แแแแแ แแแแแแฅแ) แแแแ แ แแแแฃแแแ แแแแแ. แกแแแแแฎแแก แแแแแแแแ แแฉแแแแ, แ แแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแขแ แแแแก แแแแแขแแแ ย แซแแ แแแแแแ แแแ แแแแฃแแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แขแ แแแแชแแฃแ แแ แแแฃแฅแขแแแแ, แฎแแแ แแฎแแแ แแ แแแฃแฅแขแแแ, แชแแแแแฃแแ แ แแแฃแแแชแแแแแก แคแแ แแแแแก แแแฆแแแ. แแแแแแฅแแก แแแแฃแกแขแ แแแ แแแ แแแ แแกแแ แแแแแ แแแแแขแแแแก แฎแแ แแแแแแแ แแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแ แแแแ แฌแแแแจแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแแ แแแฌแแ แแแก แแแแฃแกแขแ แแแกแแแแก แแแฎแแ แฎแแแกแแงแ แแแ แแแแแ แ. แแแแแแแก แคแแ แแแแแจแ แแแแแแแแแแแ แแแกแแแแแแ แแแ แแ แแแกแขแ แฃแแแแขแแ แแแแแฌแงแแแขแแแแแแก แแแแฆแแแแแแกแแแแก - แจแแฅแแแแ แแ แแแแขแแแแ แแแฃแแ แแแแแแฅแแก แแฎแแแ แแแฌแแ แแแก แแคแแฅแขแฃแ แ แ แแแฃแแแ แแแ แแ แแฆแกแ แฃแแแแแก แแแฅแแแแแแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแจแ, แ แแแแแ แแ แกแแแฃแแ แ แแแฃแแแ แแแแก แฎแแ แแแแแแ แกแแแแ แแฃแแแ แแแแแแฌแแแแก แแแแแแฅแแก แแแฎแแแ แแแแก แแแฉแแแแแแแแก แแ แแแก, แแแแกแแแฃแแ แแแแ แแฎแแแแแแ แแแแจ
Inactive and sedentary lifestyles amongst ambulatory adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy
Background: To assess physical behaviour, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour, of ambulatory adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). We compared participant physical behaviour to that of able-bodied persons and assessed differences related to Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) level and CP distribution (unilateral/bilateral). Methods. In 48 ambulatory persons aged 16 to 24 years with spastic CP and in 32 able-bodied controls, physical behaviour was objectively determined with an accelerometer-based activity monitor. Total duration, intensity and type of physical activity were assessed and sedentary time was determined (lying and sitting). Furthermore, distribution of walking bouts and sitting bouts was specified. Results: Adolescents and young adults with CP spent 8.6% of 24 hours physically active and 79.5% sedentary, corresponding with respectively 123 minutes and 1147 minutes per 24 hours. Compared to able-bodie
'The show must go on': Event dramaturgy as consolidation of community
Event dramaturgy and cultural performance have not been examined in the literature from a strategic standpoint of fostering the social value of events. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the case of the Water Carnival, a celebratory event in a rural community of Southwest Texas, demonstrating the essence of this event as a symbolic social space, wherein event participants instantiate a shared and valued sense of community. A hermeneutical approach was employed, interpreting the event and its symbolisms as a text, combined with findings from ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observation, in-depth interviews and analysis of archival documents. The study examines the ways that dramaturgy in the Water Carnival helps frame the ongoing public discourse for community improvement and enhances social capital. The implications of the study for social leverage of events are discussed. It is suggested that a foundation for strategic social planning is the understanding of events as symbolic social spaces and their embeddedness in community development, which can be accomplished when events are pertinent to public discourse, address community issues, represent an inclusive range of stakeholders, and promote cooperation
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