Dendrogram showing the clustering of all individuals in main groups and sub-groups.

<p>All subjects included in the study have been arranged according to the similarity-dissimilarity of their performance in the combination of tests indicated using hierarchical clustering analysis. This analysis provides clusters including subjects more closely related between them than subjects assigned to a different cluster. These clusters are visualized in the dendrogram shown. The first column shows the number identifying each subject, which have been coloured according to their classification by the PHES: control (black), without MHE (red) or with MHE (green). These colours are repeated in the second column to facilitate its identification. The tests failed by each individual are indicated by blue colour in the corresponding box. The following tests have been included: PHES, critical flicker frequency (CFF), the congruent, neutral and incongruent tasks of the Stroop test, Bimanual and visuo-motor coordination, d2 test, TOT: total correctly processed and d2-CON: concentration, measured with the d2 test; Oral SDMT test, Digit Span and Letter-number test.</p

Performance in the PHES and in each of its tests.

<p>Performance in the PHES and in each of its tests.</p

Follow-up of clinically relevant outcomes in the different clusters of patients.

<p>(A) Percentage of patients with complications in each group. Different clinical complications are expressed as: EX-1, exitus by causes related to liver disease; EX-2, exitus by causes non-related to liver disease; HE, overt hepatic encephalopathy; D, other complications (ascites, variceal bleed, hepatocellular carcinoma, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis…). (B) Percentage of patients without complications in each group. In clusters 3 and 4 only patients without MHE (according to PHES score) are shown. Tests failed by patients in each group are shown in parentheses. Differences of all clusters were performed by Fisher’s exact test by comparing with cluster 5 (patients without MHE with no failed tests). *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.</p

Patients “without” MHE according to PHES show impaired performance in some psychometric tests.

<p>The tests were performed by patients classified as “without” or “with” MHE according to PHES and by controls. (A) Percentage of individuals of each group that fail the indicated number of tests or more. (B) Percentage of tests failed by each group (mean±SD). (C) Each bar represents the percentage of tests failed by each individual subject. (D) Percentage of total cirrhotic patients (“without” or “with” MHE according to PHES) failing the indicated tests: Oral SDMT test, total items; d2 test, TOT: total correctly processed; bimanual coordination; concentration, measured with the d2 test and in visuo-motor coordination.</p

Performance in psychometric tests.

<p>Performance in psychometric tests.</p

Composition of the different groups and etiology of liver disease.

<p>Composition of the different groups and etiology of liver disease.</p

Complications and mortality of patients from different clusters studied.

<p>Complications and mortality of patients from different clusters studied.</p