5 research outputs found
Investigation of Antidepressant Effect of Riparin III: Behavioral and Neurochemical Alterations and Evaluation of Oxidative Stress
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂgicoA depressĂo Ă uma doenĂa recorrente e incapacitante cujo tratamento estĂ relacionado com modulaĂĂes nos sistemas monoaminĂrgicos em diversas Ăreas cerebrais. A riparina III (ripIII), isolada do fruto verde de Aniba riparia, apresentou, em estudos prĂvios, efeito antidepressivo. Dessa forma, objetivando investigar o potencial antidepressivo da ripIII, foram realizados testes comportamentais como o nado forĂado (TNF), suspensĂo da cauda (TSC), hipotermia induzida por apomorfina e campo aberto. Para avaliar o envolvimento das monoaminas, os animais foram prĂ-tratados com antagonistas especĂficos para
receptores 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A/2C e 5-HT3 de serotonina (5-HT), D1 e D2 de dopamina (DA) e a1 e a2 de noradrenalina (NA) no TNF. AlĂm disso, os animais prĂ-tratados com ripIII e submetidos ou nĂo ao TNF tiveram as Ăreas cerebrais hipocampo, corpo estriado e cĂrtex prĂ-frontal retiradas para detecĂĂo dos nĂveis de monoaminas ou para realizaĂĂo dos
experimentos de estresse oxidativo, investigando a atividade enzimĂtica da catalase e superĂxido dismutase, quantificando os nĂveis de glutationa reduzida (GSH) e nitrito/nitrato, alĂm do grau de lipoperoxidaĂĂo. A ripIII foi administrada agudamente, por via oral, na dose de 50 mg/kg, em todos os testes. Os resultados mostraram que a ripIII apresentou efeito antidepressivo nos modelos TNF e TSC sugerindo ser especĂfico, uma vez que os animais nĂo apresentaram alteraĂĂes na atividade locomotora no campo aberto.
AlĂm disso, no TNF, os antagonistas sulpirida (D2), prazosina (a1), ioimbina (a2), NAN-190 (5-HT1A) e ondansentron (5-HT3) reverteram o tempo de imobilidade da ripIII sugerindo a participaĂĂo desses receptores para o efeito da substĂncia, enquanto nĂo houve alteraĂĂo deste efeito na presenĂa dos antagonistas SCH23390 (D1) e ritanserina (5- HT2A/2C) mostrando o nĂo envolvimento desses receptores no efeito da droga. A ripIII nĂo foi capaz de reverter a hipotermia induzida por apomorfina, que na dose utilizada, induz hipotermia por modular receptores b-adrenĂrgicos, sugerindo que o efeito da ripIII nĂo estĂ relacionado com esses receptores. A ripIII apĂs o TNF, em corpo estriado e cĂrtex prĂfrontal, aumentou os nĂveis de DA, 5-HT e NA, diminuiu os metabĂlitos DOPAC, HVA, 5-
HIAA e as taxas metabĂlicas e, no hipocampo, aumentou 5-HT e NA alĂm do metabĂlito 5- HIAA, mas manteve as taxas metabĂlicas. A administraĂĂode ripIII, antes do TNF, reverteu o aumento nos nĂveis de peroxidaĂĂo lipĂdica e nitrito-nitrato, reduziu a atividade da catalase mas aumentou os nĂveis de GSH em hipocampo, corpo estriado e cĂrtex prĂfrontal. Esses parĂmetros nĂo foram alterados nos animais nĂo submetidos ao estresse. Em conclusĂo, o estudo sugere uma aĂĂo moduladora, exercida por ripIII, sobre o
funcionamento dos sistemas noradrenĂrgico, dopaminĂrgico e serotonĂrgico, em nĂvel central, como mecanismo para o efeito antidepressivo no TNF, bem como a participaĂĂo de propriedades antioxidantes diretas ou indiretas dessa droga, atravĂs da capacidade de modificar a resposta ao estresse oxidativo neuronal.Depression is a disabling and recurrent disease whose treatment is related to modulations in monoaminergic systems in several brain areas. Riparin III (ripIII), isolated from unripe fruit of Aniba riparia, has shown previously antidepressant-like effects. Thus, in order to investigate the antidepressant effect of ripIII, behavioral experiments were performed, as the forced swim (FST), tail suspension (TST), apomorphine-induced hypothermia and open field tests. To assess the involvement of monoaminergic system, animals were pretreated with specific antagonists to 5-HT1A-, 5-HT2A/2C-, and 5-HT3-serotonin (5-HT) receptors, to D1- and D2-dopamine (DA) receptors and to 1- and 2-noradrenaline (NA) receptors in FST. Further, animals pretreated with ripIII and submitted or not to the FST had their brain areas such as hippocampus, striatum and prefrontal cortex removed for detection of monoamine levels or to carry out the experiments of oxidative stress, in which, it was investigated enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, measured the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitrite/nitrate, and lipid peroxidation degree. RipIII was
acutely administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg in all tests. The results showed that ripIII presented antidepressant effect on the FST and TST suggesting that this effect is specific, since the animals showed no changes in locomotor activity in open field test. In the evaluation of monoaminergic systems, the results showed that the antagonists sulpiride (D2), prazosin (1), yohimbine (2), NAN-190 (5-HT1A) and ondansentron (5-HT3) reversed the immobility time of ripIII on the FST suggesting the involvement of these receptors, while no change of this effect in the presence of the antagonists SCH23390 (D1) and ritanserin (5-HT2A/2C) was observed, suggesting non-participation of these receptors in the drug effect. RipIII was unable to reverse the hypothermia induced by apomorphine that at the dose used, modulates -adrenergic receptors inducing hypothermia, suggesting that the effect of ripIII is not related to these receptors. RipIII, after FST, in the striatum and prefrontal cortex, increased levels of DA, 5-HT and NA, decreased DOPAC, HVA, 5-HIAA metabolites and decreased metabolic rates, and in the hippocampus, increased 5-HT and NA and 5-HIAA metabolite, but maintained metabolic rates. The prior administration of ripIII before the forced swimming, reversed the increased levels of lipid peroxidation and nitrite-nitrate, reduced the activity of catalase but increased levels of GSH in hippocampus, striatum and prefrontal cortex. These parameters were not altered in animals not exposed to stress. In conclusion, the study suggests a modulating action exerted by ripIII on the functioning of the noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic levels in the brain, as a mechanism for the antidepressant effect in the FST, as well as the participation of direct or indirect antioxidant properties of this drug through the ability to modify the neuronal response to oxidative stres
Antidepressant-Like Effect of Lippia sidoides CHAM (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil and Its Major Compound Thymol in Mice
Depression is a common disease affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Since Lippia sidoides has shown central nervous system effects in previous works, we aimed to investigate the effect of L. sidoides essential oil and its major compound, thymol on a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. Male mice (20–25 g) received corticosterone (20 mg/kg, subcutaneously), once a day for 22 days. From the 16th day on, mice were grouped to receive either corticosterone or L. sidoides essential oil (100 and 200 mg/kg), or thymol (25 and 50 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (35 mg/kg) by gavage. The forced swimming test, tail suspension, open field, elevated plus maze and sucrose preference tests were performed from the 19th to 22nd day. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls as a post hoc test and the results were considered significant when p < 0.05. It was shown that L. sidoides essential oil, thymol and fluoxetine decreased the immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests and none of these altered locomotor activity in the open field test. However, the drugs increased the amount of grooming. In the elevated plus maze, all drugs increased the number of entries and the time of permanence in the open arms. In the sucrose preference test, the L. sidoides essential oil, thymol and fluoxetine reversed anhedonia. These results suggest that the thymol and L. sidoides essential oil have an antidepressant-like effect, similar to fluoxetine. However, future studies should be encouraged to enhance understanding of the effects of essential oil and thymol for the treatment of depression