Results of multiple logistic regression analyses, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk factors of fatal hyperglycaemia in individuals treated with GLD.

<p>Results of multiple logistic regression analyses, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk factors of fatal hyperglycaemia in individuals treated with GLD.</p

Selection of cases and controls included in the study population.

<p>(a) Identified in the National Forensic Medicine Database (NFMD) in Sweden August 2006 to December 2012 (b) Death due to hyperglycemic coma confirmed by two independent forensic pathologists (c) Data retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR).</p

Results of univariate logistic regressions in cases treated with GLD dead due to confirmed fatal hyperglycaemia versus matched controls.

<p>Categorical variables given as number and proportions (%).</p

Results of multiple logistic regression analyses, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for independent risk factors of fatal hyperglycaemia in individuals diagnosed with diabetes type1 or 2 and matched by age and sex.

<p>Results of multiple logistic regression analyses, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for independent risk factors of fatal hyperglycaemia in individuals diagnosed with diabetes type1 or 2 and matched by age and sex.</p

Characteristics of individuals with confirmed fatal hyperglycaemia, all subjects and stratified on individuals with or without dispensed GLD.

<p>Continuous variables with normal distribution (mean ± standard deviation), non-normally distributed (median (25th-75th percentile)).</p

The association between circulating endostatin and a disturbed circadian blood pressure pattern in patients with type 2 diabetes

<p><b>Background:</b> Endostatin, cleaved from collagen XVIII in the extracellular matrix, is a promising circulating biomarker for cardiovascular damage. It possesses anti-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic functions and has even been suggested to be involved in blood pressure regulation. Less is known if endostatin levels relate to circadian blood pressure patterns. In the present paper we studied the association between circulating levels of endostatin and nocturnal dipping in blood pressure.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We used the CARDIPP-study, a cohort of middle aged, type 2 diabetics (<i>n</i> = 593, 32% women), with data on both 24-hour and office blood pressure, serum-endostatin, cardiovascular risk factors, and incident major cardiovascular events. Nocturnal dipping was defined as a >10% difference between day- and night-time blood pressures.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Two-hundred four participants (34%) were classified as non-dippers. The mean endostatin levels were significantly higher in non-dippers compared to dippers (mean ± standard deviation: 62.6 ± 1.8 µg/l vs. 58.7 ± 1.6 µg/l, respectively, <i>p</i> = .007). Higher serum levels of endostatin were associated with a diminished decline in nocturnal blood pressure adjusted for age, sex, HbA1c, mean systolic day blood pressure, hypertension treatment, glomerular filtration rate, and prevalent cardiovascular disease (regression coefficient per SD increase of endostatin −0.01, 95% CI, −0.02–(−0.001), <i>p</i> = .03). Structural equation modelling analyses suggest that endostatin mediates 7% of the association between non-dipping and major cardiovascular events.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> We found an independent association between higher circulating levels of endostatin and a reduced difference between day- and night-time systolic blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. Yet endostatin mediated only a small portion of the association between non-dipping and cardiovascular events arguing against a clinical utility of our findings.</p