The utility of peripheral venous lactate in emergency department patients with normal and higher lactate levels: A prospective observational study

Objective: to assess the utility of peripheral venous lactate (PVL) in Emergency Department patients. Methods: arteriovenous agreement was assessed in three subgroups: PVL <2 mmol/l, PVL ≥ 2 mmol/l to < 4 mmol/l and PVL ≥ 4 mmol/l. The predictive value of PVL to predict arterial lactate (AL) ≥2 mmol/l was assessed at different cut-off values. Results: 74 samples were analysed. The venous-arterial mean difference and 95% limits of agreement for the subgroups were 0.25 mmol/l (-0.18 to 0.68), 0.37 mmol/l (-0.57 to 1.32) and -0.89 mmol/l (-3.75 to 1.97). PVL ≥2 mmol/l predicts AL ≥2 mmol/l with 100% sensitivity. Conclusion: PVL <2 mmol/l rules out arterial hyperlactatemia. As agreement declines in higher levels, arterial sampling should be considered

Symptom dimensions of anxiety and their association with mortality, hospitalization and quality of life in dialysis patients

Objective: Symptoms of anxiety are highly prevalent in dialysis patients and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Identifying symptom dimensions may help to understand the pathophysiology, improve screening and guide treatment. Currently, there are no data on symptom dimensions of anxiety in dialysis patients. This study aimed to identify the best fitting dimensional model for anxiety in dialysis patients and assess the association between symptom dimensions of anxiety and adverse clinical outcomes. Methods: This study is a prospective observational cohort study including patients from 10 urban dialysis centers between 2012 and 2017. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the self-reported questionnaire Beck Anxiety Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify symptom dimensions. The association between dimensions and mortality, hospitalization and quality of life was investigated using stepwise cox, poisson and lineair regression models. Multivariable models included demographic, social, laboratory and clinical variables to adjust for possible confounding. Results: In total 687 chronic dialysis patients were included. A Somatic and Subjective anxiety dimension were identified. Only Somatic anxiety symptoms showed an association with increased risk of hospitalization and mortality (Rate Ratio 1.73 (1.45–2.06) p = .007 and Hazard Ratio 1.65 (1.15–2.37) p = .007 respectively). These associations were independent from somatic comorbidity. All symptom dimensions of anxiety showed an association with Quality of Life. Conclusion: This study shows that anxiety is common in chronic dialysis patients and comprises of a somatic, subjective, and a total score. The discrimination between anxiety dimensions can be useful for clinical practice, as they are related to different clinical outcomes

Short-Form 12 or Short-Form 36 to measure quality-of-life changes in dialysis patients?

Clinical epidemiolog

Treatment of current depressive symptoms in dialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: Symptoms of depression are highly prevalent and undertreated in dialysis patients. To aid clinicians in offering treatment to patients with depression, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the treatment of current depressive symptoms in dialysis patients. Methods: Nine databases were searched on January 8th 2020 for randomized controlled trials on the treatment of depressive symptoms in dialysis patients. In contradiction to previous reviews, we only included studies who selected patients with a score above a defined cut-off for depressive symptoms and used an inactive control group, to investigate the effectiveness of treatments in currently depressed patients. All interventions aimed to treat depressive symptoms were accepted for inclusion. Standardized mean differences were calculated in a random effect meta-analysis. Results: Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review (1640 patients). Nine studies could be included in the meta-analysis. A pooled analysis of 7 studies on psychotherapy showed a standardized mean difference of −0.48 [−0.87; −0.08], with a moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 52%, X2 = 12.56, p = .05). All studies on psychotherapy performed a per protocol analysis and scored high on potential bias. A pooled analysis of two studies on SSRI's showed no statistically significant improvement of depressive symptoms (SMD −0.57 [−6.17; 5.02], I2 = 71%, X2 = 0.2474, p = .06). Conclusions: Psychotherapy is a promising treatment for currently depressed dialysis patients, although quality of evidence is low. More evidence is needed regarding the efficacy of SSRI's, exercise therapy and dietary supplements in this population. PROSPERO: CRD4201807396

Lactic Acidosis in Prostate Cancer: Consider the Warburg Effect

Lactic acidosis is a commonly observed clinical condition that is associated with a poor prognosis, especially in malignancies. We describe a case of an 81-year-old patient who presented with symptoms of tachypnea and general discomfort. Arterial blood gas analysis showed a high anion gap acidosis with a lactate level of 9.5 mmol/L with respiratory compensation. CT scanning showed no signs of pulmonary embolism or other causes of impaired tissue oxygenation. Despite treatment with sodium bicarbonate, the patient developed an adrenalin-resistant cardiac arrest, most likely caused by the acidosis. Autopsy revealed Gleason score 5 + 5 metastatic prostate cancer as the most probable cause of the lactic acidosis. Next-generation sequencing indicated a nonsense mutation in the TP53 gene (887delA) and an activating mutation in the PIK3CA gene (1634A>G) as candidate molecular drivers. This case demonstrates the prevalence and clinical relevance of metabolic reprogramming, frequently referred to as “the Warburg effect,” in patients with prostate cancer

The effect of a pharmaceutical transitional care program on rehospitalisations in internal medicine patients : An interrupted-time-series study

Background: Medication errors at transition of care can adversely affect patient safety. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of a transitional pharmaceutical care program on unplanned rehospitalisations. Methods: An interrupted-time-series study was performed, including patients from the Internal Medicine department using at least one prescription drug. The program consisted of medication reconciliation, patient counselling at discharge, and communication to healthcare providers in primary care. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an unplanned rehospitalisation within six months post-discharge. Secondary outcomes were drug-related hospital visits, drug-related problems (DRPs), adherence, believes about medication, and patient satisfaction. Interrupted time series analysis was used for the primary outcome and descriptive statistics were performed for the secondary outcomes. Results: In total 706 patients were included. At 6 months, the change in trend for unplanned rehospitalisations between usual care and the program group was non-significant (- 0.2, 95% CI -4.9;4.6). There was no significant difference for drug-related visits although visits due to medication reconciliation problems occurred less often (4 usual care versus 1 intervention). Interventions to prevent DRPs were present for all patients in the intervention group (mean: 10 interventions/patient). No effect was seen on adherence and beliefs about medication. Patients were significantly more satisfied with discharge counselling (68.9% usual care vs 87.1% program). Conclusions: The transitional pharmaceutical care program showed no effect on unplanned rehospitalisations. This lack of effect is probably because the reason for rehospitalisations are multifactorial while the transitional care program focused on medication. There were less hospital visits due to medication reconciliation problems, but further large scale studies are needed due to the small number of drug-related visits

The effect of a pharmaceutical transitional care program on rehospitalisations in internal medicine patients : An interrupted-time-series study

Background: Medication errors at transition of care can adversely affect patient safety. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of a transitional pharmaceutical care program on unplanned rehospitalisations. Methods: An interrupted-time-series study was performed, including patients from the Internal Medicine department using at least one prescription drug. The program consisted of medication reconciliation, patient counselling at discharge, and communication to healthcare providers in primary care. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an unplanned rehospitalisation within six months post-discharge. Secondary outcomes were drug-related hospital visits, drug-related problems (DRPs), adherence, believes about medication, and patient satisfaction. Interrupted time series analysis was used for the primary outcome and descriptive statistics were performed for the secondary outcomes. Results: In total 706 patients were included. At 6 months, the change in trend for unplanned rehospitalisations between usual care and the program group was non-significant (- 0.2, 95% CI -4.9;4.6). There was no significant difference for drug-related visits although visits due to medication reconciliation problems occurred less often (4 usual care versus 1 intervention). Interventions to prevent DRPs were present for all patients in the intervention group (mean: 10 interventions/patient). No effect was seen on adherence and beliefs about medication. Patients were significantly more satisfied with discharge counselling (68.9% usual care vs 87.1% program). Conclusions: The transitional pharmaceutical care program showed no effect on unplanned rehospitalisations. This lack of effect is probably because the reason for rehospitalisations are multifactorial while the transitional care program focused on medication. There were less hospital visits due to medication reconciliation problems, but further large scale studies are needed due to the small number of drug-related visits

Randomized, clinical trial comparison of trisodium citrate 30% and heparin as catheter-locking solution in hemodialysis patients

Interdialytic hemodialysis catheter-locking solutions could contribute to a reduction of catheter-related complications, especially infections. However, they can cause side effects because of leakage from the tip of the catheter. Recently, trisodium citrate (TSC) has been advocated because of its antimicrobial properties and local anticoagulation. In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, TSC 30% was compared with unfractionated heparin 5000 U/ml for prevention of catheter-related infections, thrombosis, and bleeding complications. The study was stopped prematurely because of a difference in catheter-related bacteremia (CRB; P < 0.01). Of 363 eligible patients, 291 could be randomized. The study included 98 tunneled cuffed catheters and 193 untunneled. There were no significant differences in patient and catheter characteristics on inclusion. In the heparin group, 46% of catheters had to be removed because of any complication compared with 28% in the TSC group (P = 0.005). CRB rates were 1.1 per 1000 catheter-days for TSC versus 4.1 in the heparin group (P < 0.001). For tunneled cuffed catheters, the risk reduction for CRB was 87% (P < 0.001) and for untunneled catheters was 64% (P = 0.05). Fewer patients died from CRB in the TSC group (0 versus 5; P = 0.028). There were no differences in catheter flow problems and thrombosis (P = 0.75). No serious adverse events were encountered. Major bleeding episodes were significantly lower in the TSC group (P = 0.010). TSC 30% improves overall patency rates and reduces catheter-related infections and major bleeding episodes for both tunneled and untunneled hemodialysis catheters. Flow problems are not reduced