Traveling dark-bright solitons in a reduced spin-orbit coupled system: application to Bose-Einstein condensates

In the present work, we explore the potential of spin-orbit (SO) coupled Bose-Einstein condensates to support multi-component solitonic states in the form of dark-bright (DB) solitons. In the case where Raman linear coupling between components is absent, we use a multiscale expansion method to reduce the model to the integrable Mel'nikov system. The soliton solutions of the latter allow us to reconstruct approximate traveling DB solitons for the reduced SO coupled system. For small values of the formal perturbation parameter, the resulting waveforms propagate undistorted, while for large values thereof, they shed some dispersive radiation, and subsequently distill into a robust propagating structure. After quantifying the relevant radiation effect, we also study the dynamics of DB solitons in a parabolic trap, exploring how their oscillation frequency varies as a function of the bright component mass and the Raman laser wavenumber

IHC analysis of T-STAR on primary invasive breast cancer where A) shows a negative case, B) a case with cytoplasmic staining and C) a case with nuclear T-STAR staining.

<p>IHC analysis of T-STAR on primary invasive breast cancer where A) shows a negative case, B) a case with cytoplasmic staining and C) a case with nuclear T-STAR staining.</p

Decreased proliferation after overexpression of T-STAR in five breast cancer cell lines.

<p>A) Increased T-STAR mRNA levels after overexpression measured by RT-qPCR. B) Increased (676%) T-STAR protein level (WB) compared to GFP (16%) and wt (100%) control cells in the MDA-MB-231 cell line after overexpression. C) A decrease in proliferation could be detected at 48 h after overexpressing T-STAR using thymidine incorporation and D) after 48 h (PMC42, L56Br-C1 and T47D) or 72 h (JIMT-1 and MDA-MB-231) upon assessment of enzymatic activity (WST-1 assay). Significance is marked by a * where the p-value ≤0.05 and ** when ≤0.01.</p

Specification of breast cancer cell lines used in the experiments.

1<p>Kindly provided by Cecilia Hegardt, Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital.</p>2<p>Kindly provided by Paolo Cifani, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund.</p>3<p>ATCC.</p

Results from SVM classifications of the independent test dataset.

<p>¹Classification on sensitizing properties for each chemical compound was based on the rule stating that any given sample in the test dataset should be classified as a respiratory sensitizer if any of replicate stimulations have a SVM decision value > 0.</p><p>Results from SVM classifications of the independent test dataset.</p

Kaplan-Meier curves showing T-STAR expression correlated to survival.

<p>A) Nuclear T-STAR expression in all cases. B) Nuclear T-STAR expression in ER+ cases only. C) Cytoplasmic T-STAR expression in all cases. D) Cytoplasmic T-STAR expression in ER+ cases only.</p

Visual classification of independent test compounds using GARD Respiratory Prediction Signature, GRPS.

<p>(A) The PCA space was constructed from the three first PCA components from the panel of reference chemicals (n = 103) used for biomarker signature identification, using the 389 genes of GRPS as input into the unsupervised representation. Each of the chemicals in the test dataset (n = 92) were plotted into the PCA space without allowing the compounds to influence PCA components. (B) Samples in the test dataset was colored according to sensitizing properties as either respiratory sensitizers (dark blue) or non-respiratory sensitizers (dark green). A separation between respiratory sensitizers and non-respiratory sensitizers can be seen along the first PCA component for both the training data and the test data. (C) The training dataset has been removed in order to obtain a clear view of the training dataset.</p

T-STAR nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in relation to patient- and tumor characteristics in the total cohort (χ2 test for linear trend).

<p>T-STAR nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in relation to patient- and tumor characteristics in the total cohort (χ2 test for linear trend).</p

Kaplan-Meier curves correlating T-STAR expression to survival using a dichotomized variable where any nuclear staining and intensity have been grouped together.

<p>A) Showing T-STAR expression in all cases. B) Showing T-STAR expression in ER+ cases only.</p

Cox uni- and multivariate analysis of Recurrence Free Survival according to nuclear T-STAR expression.

<p>Note: T-STAR nuclear positive staining is defined as >10%.</p