200 research outputs found
Polarization and Spin-Flip in Proton Inelastic Scattering
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 78-22774 A02 & A03 and by Indiana Universit
Measurement of the Transverse Spin Transfer Coefficient D_nn(0Ë) for (p,n) Reactions at 160 MeV
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440
Spin Transfer Measurements for (p,n) Reactions at Intermediate Energy
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440
Gamow-Teller Matrix Elements and the (p,n) Reaction
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440
Improving professional psychological practice through an increased repertoire of research methodologies : illustrated by the development of MOL.
Mental health problems present an increasing global disease burden making the development of effective and efficient psychological treatments an urgent public health priority. Despite the continued proliferation of treatments and large numbers of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), evidence suggests that pre-post effect sizes have been decreasing over time not increasing. Promoting RCTs as a gold standard of evidence has not been a useful strategy for advancing progress in the development of increasingly effective and efficient psychological treatments and has, in fact, created a divide between research and practice in professional psychology. To close this divide, other methodologies are needed that can assist in the rigorous development and evaluation of treatments in routine clinical practice. We outline some of the problems with using RCTs as the sole means of generating evidence for treatment effectiveness and efficiency and we use the development and evaluation of a transdiagnostic cognitive therapy to illustrate an alternative way of accumulating evidence through a much closer connection between research and practice. Ultimately, including other methodologies alongside RCTs that combine research and practice more seamlessly, will produce treatments of greater effectiveness and efficiency and help to reduce the global burden of mental health problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved
Measurements of Gamow-Teller Strength Distributions in Masses 13 and 15
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440
Mental health academics in rural and remote Australia
Context: The significant impact of mental ill health in rural and remote Australia has been well documented. Included among innovative approaches undertaken to address this issue has been the Mental Health Academic (MHA) project, established in 2007. Funded by the Australian Government (Department of Health), this project was established as a component of the University Departments of Rural Health (UDRH) program. All 11 UDRHs appointed an MHA. Although widely geographically dispersed, the MHAs have collaborated in various ways. The MHA project encompasses a range of activities addressing four key performance indicators. These activities, undertaken in rural and remote Australia, aimed to increase access to mental health services, promote awareness of mental health issues, support students undertaking mental health training and improve health professionals' capacity to recognise and address mental health issues. MHAs were strategically placed within the UDRHs across the country, ensuring an established academic base for the MHAs' work was available immediately. Close association with each local rural community was recognised as important. For most MHAs this was facilitated by having an established clinical role in their local community and actively engaging with the community in which they worked. In common with other rural health initiatives, some difficulties were experienced in the recruitment of suitable MHAs, especially in more remote locations. The genesis of this article was a national meeting of the MHAs in 2014, to identify and map the different types of activities MHAs had undertaken in their regions. These activities were analysed and categorised by the MHAs. These categories have been used as a guiding framework for this article.
Issues: The challenge to increase community access to mental health services was addressed by (i) initiatives to address specific access barriers, (ii) supporting recruitment and retention of rural mental health staff, (iii) developing the skills of the existing workforce and (iv) developing innovative approaches to student placements. Strategies to promote awareness of mental health issues included workshops in rural and remote communities, specific suicide prevention initiatives and targeted initiatives to support the mental health needs of Indigenous Australians. The need for collaboration between the widely dispersed MHAs was identified as important to bridge the rural divide, to promote project cohesiveness and ensure new ideas in an emerging setting are readily shared and to provide professional support for one another as mental health academics are often isolated from academic colleagues with similar mental health interests.
Lessons learned: The MHA project suggests that an integrated approach can be taken to address the common difficulties of community awareness raising of mental health issues, increasing access to mental health services, workforce recruitment and retention (access), and skill development of existing health professionals (access and awareness). To address the specific needs and circumstances of their community, MHAs have customised their activities. As in other rural initiatives, one size was found not to fit all. The triad of flexibility, diversity and connectedness (both to local community and other MHAs) describes the response identified as appropriate by the MHAs. The breadth of the MHA role to provide university sponsored educational activities outside traditional student teaching meant that the broader health workforce benefited from access to mental health training that would not otherwise have occurred. Provision of these additional educational opportunities addressed not only the need for increased education regarding mental health but also reduced the barriers commonly faced by rural health professionals in accessing quality professional development
Comparison of and Quasielastic Scattering
We formulate -nucleus quasielastic scattering in a manner which closely
parallels standard treatments of -nucleus quasielastic scattering. For
scattering, new responses involving scalar contributions appear in
addition to the Coulomb (or longitudinal) and transverse responses
which are of vector character. We compute these responses using both nuclear
matter and finite nucleus versions of the Relativistic Hartree Approximation to
Quantum Hadrodynamics including RPA correlations. Overall agreement with
measured responses and new quasielastic scattering data for
Ca at |\qs|=500 MeV/c is good. Strong RPA quenching is essential for
agreement with the Coulomb response. This quenching is notably less for the
cross section even though the new scalar contributions are even more
strongly quenched than the vector contributions. We show that this
``differential quenching'' alters sensitive cancellations in the expression for
the cross section so that it is reduced much less than the individual
responses. We emphasize the role of the purely relativistic distinction between
vector and scalar contributions in obtaining an accurate and consistent
description of the and data within the framework of our nuclear
structure model.Comment: 26 pages, 5 uuencoded figures appended to end of this fil
Spin Transfer Measurements for (p,n) Reactions at Intermediate Energy
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440
Efficacy of language intervention in the early years
Background: Oral language skills in the preschool and early school years are critical to educational
success and provide the foundations for the later development of reading comprehension.
Methods: In
a randomized controlled trial, 180 children from 15 UK nursery schools (n = 12 from each setting;
Mage = 4;0) were randomly allocated to receive a 30-week oral language intervention or to a waiting
control group. Children in the intervention group received 30 weeks of oral language intervention,
beginning in nursery (preschool), in three group sessions per week, continuing with daily sessions on
transition to Reception class (pre-Year 1). The intervention was delivered by nursery staff and teaching
assistants trained and supported by the research team. Following screening, children were assessed
preintervention, following completion of the intervention and after a 6-month delay.
Results: Children
in the intervention group showed significantly better performance on measures of oral language and
spoken narrative skills than children in the waiting control group immediately after the 30 week
intervention and after a 6 month delay. Gains in word-level literacy skills were weaker, though clear
improvements were observed on measures of phonological awareness. Importantly, improvements in
oral language skills generalized to a standardized measure of reading comprehension at maintenance
test.
Conclusions: Early intervention for children with oral language difficulties is effective and can
successfully support the skills, which underpin reading comprehensio
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