Oropouche virus: clinical, epidemiological, and molecular aspects of a neglected orthobunyavirus.

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an important cause of arboviral illness in Latin American countries, more specifically in the Amazon region of Brazil, Venezuela and Peru, as well as in other countries such as Panama. In the past decades, the clinical, epidemiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of OROV have been published and provide the basis for a better understanding of this important human pathogen. Here, we describe the milestones in a comprehensive review of OROV epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular biology, including a description of the first isolation of the virus, the outbreaks during the past six decades, clinical aspects of OROV infection, diagnostic methods, genome and genetic traits, evolution, and viral dispersal

Genomic characterization of orthobunyavirus of veterinary importance in America

During 2013, in Argentina, three new isolates of serogroup Bunyamwera virus (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae)were recovered from two horses with encephalitis, and from an aborted equine fetus. In the present study, we report the complete genome sequence, genetic characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of three new strains isolated in Argentina to clarifying their relationship within the Bunyamwera serogroup virus and to investigate the evolutionary history of viruses with segmented genomes.Fil: Tauro, Laura Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: de Souza, William Marciel. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Rivarola, María Elisa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Laboratorio de Arbovirus y Arenovirus; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: de Oliveira, Rodrigo. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Konigheim, Brenda Salome. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Patroca Silva, Sandro. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Lima, Clayton. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Layanna. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Vasconcelos, Janaina M.. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Ferreira Cardoso, Jedson. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Vianez Júnior, João Lídio. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Teixeira Nunes, Márcio Roberto. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Contigiani de Minio, Marta Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentin

Diversity of picornaviruses detected in diarrheal samples from children in Belém, Brazilian Amazon (1982-2019)

Universidade do Estado do Pará. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Bioinformática. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Vírus Gastroentéricos. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Enterovírus. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Enterovírus. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Vírus Gastroentéricos. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.In this investigation, fecal specimens from children with diarrhea were collected from four community studies conducted between 1982 and 2019 in Belém, Brazilian Amazon. A total of 234 samples were tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect infections by picornaviruses of the Enterovirus (EV), Parechovirus (HPeV), Cosavirus (HCoSV), Kobuvirus (Aichivirus - AiV) and Salivirus (SalV) genera. The positive samples were subjected to different amplification protocols of the VP1 region of the genome, such as nested PCR or snPCR, and were subsequently genotyped by sequencing VP1 and VP3 of the viral genome. Positivity was observed in 76.5% (179/234) of the samples tested using RT-qPCR for at least one virus, and co-infection was observed in 37.4% (67/179) of the cases. EV was detected in 50.8% (119/234), HPeV in 29.9% (70/234), HCoSV in 27.3% (64/234), and AiV/SalV in 2.1% (5/234) of the specimens tested by RT-qPCR. Using nested PCR and/or snPCR techniques, the positivity rates were 94.11% (112/119) for EV, 72.85% (51/70) for HPeV, and 20.31% (13/64) for HCoSV. It was not possible to amplify the samples that were positive for AiV/SalV. Sequencing revealed 67.2% (80/119) EV, 51.4% (36/70) HPeV, and 20.31% (13/64) HCoSV. Forty-five different types of EV were found among species A, B, and C; HCoSV identified five species, including a possible recombinant strain; all HPeV were identified as belonging to species A, in two samples a possible recombination involving three different strains was verified. This study demonstrated the high circulation and diversity of different types of picornaviruses in fecal samples, including those collected more than 30 years ago. This endorsed the evaluation of important points in the epidemiology of these viruses, such as the presence of co-infection and the possibility of knowing more about these agents, considering that some were recently described; therefore, their detection in older samples can provide more data about their ancestry

Description and phylogeny of the mitochondrial genome of Sabethes chloropterus, Sabethes glaucodaemon and Sabethes belisarioi (Diptera: Culicidae)

This work was supported by the Evandro Chagas Institute (CAPES/ Pro Amazônia nº 3274/13), Ananindeua/PA, Brazil by Foundation for Research Support (FAPESPA) [057/2016].Federal University of Pará. Nucleus of Tropical Medicine. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Nucleus of Tropical Medicine. Belém, PA, Brazil.Mosquitoes as Sabethes chloropterus, Sabethes glaucodaemon, Sabethes belisarioi are species of medical and epidemiological importance for arboviruses transmission such as yellow fever and St. Louis encephalitis. Despite this, no information about these three species mitochondrial DNA has been found in literature. Our study presents a mitochondrial genome description, including identity, SNPs, mutation rate, and phylogeny analysis using COX1, COX2, NADH4, NADH5, CYOB genes. The Sa. chloropterus, Sa. glaucodaemon and Sa. belisaroi mitochondrial genome sizes 15.609 bp, 15.620 bp, 15.907 bp, respectively, with 37 functional genes, presenting about 4.982 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 13.291 identical sites between them, besides all genes with dN/dS < 1 ratio, and also a greater approximation between Sa. glaucodaemon and Sa. chloropterus than with Sa. belisarioi. Due to the importance of mitochondrial DNA for population structure studies, evolution, and others, we expect that this data can contribute to other studies related to these mosquitoes and their viruses

Identification and characterization of the expression profile of the microRNAs in the Amazon species Colossoma macropomum by next generation sequencing

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Bionorte Projct: 550939/2010-5)Federal University of Pará - Campus of Bragança. Institute of Coastal Studies. Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology. Bragança, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará - Campus of Bragança. Institute of Coastal Studies. Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology. Bragança, PA, Brazil.Dow AgroSciences. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará - Campus of Bragança. Institute of Coastal Studies. Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology. Bragança, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará - Campus of Bragança. Institute of Coastal Studies. Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology. Bragança, PA, Brazil.Colossoma macropomum is a resistant species native of Amazonas and Orinoco river basins. It is regarded as the second largest finfish of Solimões and Amazon rivers, representing a major fishery resource in Amazonas and an important species in tropical aquaculture. MicroRNAs are non-coding endogenous riboregulators of nearly 22 nucleotides that play a key role in post-transcriptional gene regulation of several organisms. We analyzed samples of liver and skin from specimens of C. macropomum using next generation sequencing. The dataset was evaluated using computational programs to check the quality of sequences, identification of miRNAs, as well as to evaluate the expression levels of these microRNAs and interaction of target genes. We identified 279 conserved miRNAs, being 257 from liver and 272 from skin, with several miRNAs shared between tissues, with divergence in the number of reads. The strands miR-5p and miR-3p were observed in 72 miRNAs, some of them presenting a higher number of 3p reads. The functional annotation of the most expressed miRNAs resulted in 27 pathways for the liver and skin mainly related to the “biological processes” domain. Based on the identified pathways, we visualized a large gene network, suggesting the regulation of selected miRNA over this interactive dataset. We were able to identify and characterize the expression levels of miRNAs in two tissues of great activity in C. macropomum, which stands out as the beginning of several studies that can be carried out to elucidate the influence of miRNAs in this species and their applicability as biotechnological tools

First isolation of Bunyamwera virus (Bunyaviridae family) from horses with neurological disease and an abortion in Argentina

Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) is the prototype virus for both the Orthobunyavirus genus and the Bunyaviridae family. Different strains of BUNV have been associated with clinical diseases in domestic animals, mainly ruminants. During 2013, in Argentina's Santa Fe Province, three new isolates of BUNV were recovered from the brain and spleen of two horses with encephalitis, and from the brain of an aborted equine fetus. This isolation of BUNV from domestic animals provided the first association of BUNV infection with disease of the central nervous system and abortion in equines in Argentina.Fil: Tauro, Laura Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rivarola, María Elisa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lucca, Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Mariño, Betina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Mazzini, Rubén. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Cardoso, Jedson Ferreira. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Barrandeguy, María Edith. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Nunes, Marcio Roberto Teixeira. Instituto Evandro Chagas; BrasilFil: Contigiani de Minio, Marta Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología ; Argentin

Nearly complete genome sequences of enterovirus 96 and enterovirus 99 strains isolated in the northern region of Brazil

CNPq-Universal under grant 444347/2014-3 and Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, BrazilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Enterovírus. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Enterovírus. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Enterovírus. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Enterovírus. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.In this study, we report the nearly complete genome sequences of one enterovirus 96 (EV-C96) isolate (strain 3499/BRA-PA/2010) and two enterovirus 99 (EV-C99) isolates (strains 3291/BRA-PA/2010 and 3944/BRA-PA/2011). The genetic characterization of different enterovirus strains allows for a better understanding of their molecular epidemiology and viral evolution

Estudo clínico e diagnóstico molecular de Chlamydophila sp. em psitaciformes mantidos em cativeiro no Estado do Pará, Brasil

Parrots (Order Psittaciformes) are globally distributed birds that, together with members of the Columbiformes, represent the most susceptible animals, in regards to infection by Chlamydophila psittaci, which is an obligate, zoonotic, intracellular bacterium that causes chlamydiosis in domestic and wild birds and psittacosis in humans. The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of C. psittaci in Brazilian psittacids kept in conservation breeding sites in Pará State, Brazil. Cloacal and oropharynx swab samples were collected from 201 psittacids that were distributed among four breeding sites: Metropolitan Area of Belém (C1 and C2), Northeastern Pará (C3), and Low Amazon (C4). The samples were screened for C. psittaci using semi-nested PCR, and the resulting incidence data were analyzed using proportion and chi-square tests. Chlamydophila infection was confirmed for all the breeding sites, with an overall prevalence of 31.84%, and no species-specific predisposition was observed. Furthermore, 13.93% of the sampled birds eliminated the infectious agent by the cloaca, whereas 11.44% eliminated the agent by the oropharynx, and 6.47% eliminated the agent by both routes. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the incidence of Chlamydophila infection of breeding sites C2 and C3 (p=0.029), which yielded the smallest and largest number of diagnosed cases, respectively. In the present study, most of the birds (27.86%) were considered unapparent carriers of Chlamydophila infection, and only 3.98% of the birds yielded both a positive diagnosis and clinical signs of chlamydiosis.Psitacídeos são aves distribuídas em todo o mundo e, juntamente com Columbiformes, representam os animais mais suscetíveis a uma infecção causada por Chlamydophila psittaci, uma bactéria intracelular, obrigatória, zoonótica que causa clamídia em aves domésticas e selvagens e psitacose em humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de C. psittaci em diferentes espécies de psitacídeos da fauna brasileira mantidos em criadouros conservacionistas no Estado do Pará, Brasil. Amostras de swabs de cloaca e orofaringe de 201 psitacídeos distribuídos em quatro criadouros nas mesorregiões Metropolitana de Belém (C1 e C2), Nordeste do Pará (C3) e Baixo Amazonas (C4) foram utilizados. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste molecular de semi-nested PCR. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas de acordo com o teste de proposição por R e teste do qui-quadrado (p<0,05). A presença de Chlamydophila sp. foi confirmada em todos os criadouros, com uma prevalência de 31,84% de aves infectadas, com predisposição não específica da espécie encontrada para a infecção entre as aves amostradas. Os resultados da semi-nested PCR mostraram que 13,93% das aves eliminaram o agente infeccioso pela cloaca, 11,44% pela orofaringe e 6,47% por ambas. Além disso, quando aplicado em cada local, este teste mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os criadouros C2 e C3 (p = 0,029), que apresentou o menor e maior número de casos diagnosticados, respectivamente. A maioria dos animais, ou 27,86%, foi considerada como portadora inaparente da infecção e apenas 3,98% das aves com diagnóstico positivo apresentaram algum sinal clínico sugestivo da doença

Genome sequence of chiqui virus, a novel reovirus isolated from mosquitoes collected in Colombia

This work is supported by a Ph.D. scholarship from the Colombian Department of Science (Colciencias Convocatoria 567) (MAC), Colciencias (grant 111549326198); the U.S. National Institutes of Health (grant R24 AI120942); and the Brazilian Ministry of Health (grants CNPq 302584/2015-3 and MRTN 303999/2016-0).Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular. Medellín, Colombia / Universidad de Antioquia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales. Medellín, Colombia.University of Texas Medical Branch. Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Department of Pathology. Galveston, Texas, USA.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.University of Texas Medical Branch. Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Department of Pathology. Galveston, Texas, USA.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidad de Antioquia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales. Medellín, Colombia.University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Galveston, Texas, USA.University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Galveston, Texas, USA.University of Texas Medical Branch. Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Department of Pathology. Galveston, Texas, USA / University of Texas Medical Branch. Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity. Galveston, Texas, USA.University of Texas Medical Branch. Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Department of Pathology. Galveston, Texas, USA / University of Texas Medical Branch. Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity. Galveston, Texas, USA.We report here the complete genome sequence of a novel reovirus, designated Chiqui virus (CHQV) strain CoB38d, that was isolated from a pool of unidentified mosquitoes collected in northern Colombia in 2013. CHQV has nine double-stranded DNA (dsRNA) genome segments and has similarity to viruses belonging to the family Reoviridae, subfamily Spinareovirina