Substrate in the initial development of pajeu seedlings

Triplaris gardneriana populary know as ‘Pajeu’ is a tree species with potential for recovery of riparian forests. The aim of this work was to evaluate the emergence and initial development of saplings in different substrates. The experiment was conducted in the didactic garden of the Campus Liberdade, from the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, in the municipality of Redenção, Ceará State. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates of 25 seeds was used. The substrates used were: soil, soil + humus, soil + compost, soil + manure, soil + humus + cattle manure and soil + humus + compost. Seedling emergence, emergence speed index, plant height and root length were evaluated. The substrate soil + humus + compost provided better seedling quality possibly due to the best physical characteristics, such as aerations and water retention

Chemical characterization of fruit pulpes marketed in Southwest of Piauí State

The production of frozen fruit pulp is an agroindustrial activity that has become an important segment of the productive chain, favoring fruit consumption and guaranteeing the use of the surplus produced. However, despite the considerable increase of this production, it is still possible to find pulps with changes in their physico-chemical characteristics, due to problems associated with the lack of processing and/or storage. In view of this, the objective of this work was to perform the chemical characterization of the main frozen fruit pulps marketed in the southwestern region of Piauí, in view of their adequacy to the standards of identity and quality (PIQ) established by the legislation. The selection of pulps was carried out based on research in the retail trade in the city of Bom Jesus (Piauí, Brazil), to which the pulps of acerola, cashew, guava and mango were selected. The analyzed parameters were: soluble solids (SS), total acidity (AT), pH and total vitamin C. The values of SS/AT in the pulps of acerola, cashew, guava and mango were 5.2º/1.02%, 8.2º/0.45%, 4.8º/0.2% and 11º/0.51%, respectively. The pH in the pulps of acerola (3.0) and cashew (3.8) followed the legislation, while guava (2.72) and mango (3.1) were characterized below that proposed by legislation. When at vitamin C content, the acerola pulps 1015.42 mg 100 g-1, cashew 152.42 mg.100 g-1, guava 29.0 mg 100 g-1 and mango 82.02 mg 100 g-1 were as required in legislation. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that some parameters do not meet the minimum required by the legislation, being necessary to adapt them to reach a production of quality fruit pulps, through the adoption of Good Manufacturing Practices and standardization of raw materials

Growth of seedlings in banana plant cv. Prata Catarina micropropagated in organic substrates

In commercial bananas there is an increasing increase for seedlings of high genetic quality and free of pathogens; thus, the use of micropropagation has been increasingly encouraged for the production of seedlings. However, the success of establishing these seedlings in the environment depends on several factors, in which, the substrate has a relevant role. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of micropropagated banana seedlings under the influence of different formulations of substrates based on soil, bovine manure and vegetable ash for organic production system. The experiment was carried out on a certified rural property under an organic production system in the municipality of Palmácia (CE). The experimental design used was completely randomized, with four replications. The substrates were used in a ratio of 2:1, always two parts of soil for one of substrate, which was used: soil (ravine soil), organic compost (bovine manure + vegetal remains), bovine manure and vegetable ash (from sugar cane mill). The test was conducted in full sun and without the aid of irrigation, as the experiment coincided with the rainy season in the region. At 68 days after planting (DAP), growth analyzes were carried out: plant height, diameter of the pseudostem, number of leaves, length of roots, fresh and dry mass of aerial part and roots. The best substrates for the growth of micropropagated banana seedlings cv. Prata Catarina were mixtures of soil + organic compost and soil + manure

Phosphate fertilization and organic compost on the initial growth of sorghum in degraded soils

One of the strategies for the recovery of degraded soils is the planting of fast-growing forage species with high biomass production. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of sorghum in degraded soils with organic fertilization and different phosphorus levels. A completely randomized design with a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement was used, with four soil types, three levels of phosphorus fertilization and two levels of organic fertilization. At 64 days after sowing the characteristics of the initial growth were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and fresh shoot mass. The height was measured by measuring the neck of the plant until the end of the newest fully expanded leaf, measured with the aid of a measuring tape and expressed in centimeters. The diameter of the stem, by means of a digital pachymeter. The application of phosphorus and organic matter in degraded soils is necessary for the initial development of sorghum plants, due to the low availability of this element, caused by the high adsorption of P in the soil colloids. Besides that, the lack of organic matter in the studied soils led to a decrease in the growth of sorghum, therefore, it is concluded that soil management in saline environments is necessary for the application of phosphorus and organic matter for a sustainable and technically viable production

Adsorção de chumbo e arsênio em compostos orgânicos de organossolos da região metropolitana de Curitiba

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Eloana Janice BonfleurCoorientadores: Prof. Dr. Vander de Freitas Melo e Prof. Dr. Jeferson DieckowDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo. Defesa : Curitiba, 27/02/2020Inclui referências: p. 48-57Resumo: Os Organossolos desempenham papel fundamental na regulação e equilíbrio do lençol freático, assim como na biodiversidade de diversos ecossistemas, sequestro de carbono e adsorção de substâncias como metais pesados e outros poluentes, impedindo que estes cheguem ao lençol freático. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho, identificar os compostos orgânicos da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) que influenciam a adsorção do chumbo (Pb) e arsênio (As) em meio ácido e básico. Para tal, quatro amostras de Organossolos distribuídas em cinco pontos amostrais nos municípios de Piraquara e Balsa Nova, ambos situados no estado do Paraná - BR foram coletadas nos primeiros 5 cm do solo. As amostras foram secas ao ar, peneiradas e submetidas à pirólise em combinação com cromatografia gasosa (Py- CG/MS) para identificação de compostos orgânicos. Após concentração do material orgânico via remoção de materiais paramagnéticos utilizando solução de HF (10%) as amostras foram saturadas com 24.000 ppm de Pb e As de forma isolada e em dois valores pH, sendo um ácido e outro básico. Em seguida, foram determinados os teores trocáveis tanto do Pb como do As e com o resíduo da extração, determinados os teores pseudo-totais. Como forma de verificar a influência e possíveis interações entre os teores adsorvidos de forma específica e não específica, os dados da pirólise e os teores de metais adsorvidos foram plotados juntos por meio da análise de componentes principais. Observou-se correlações positivas entre o Pb trocável em pH 3,5 com os compostos fenólicos (r = 0,6; p = 0,03), ligninofenóis (r = 0,5; p = 0,05) e esteróis (r = 0,6; p = 0,006). Já para o Pb trocável em pH 7,0 não foram observadas correlações significativas com os compostos identificados. No que diz respeito ao Pb adsorvido de forma específica houve correlação significativa com os compostos alifáticos: alcenos (r = 0,8; p < 0,01), alcanos (r = 0,8; p < 0,01) e metilcetonas (r = 0,7; p < 0,01). Em relação ao As, o aumento do pH de 3,5 para 8,0 desfavoreceu o processo de adsorção tanto de esfera externa (forma trocável) como de esfera interna (teores pseudo-totais), sendo a maior correlação encontrada do As trocável com os ligninofenóis em pH 8,0 (r = 0,55; p = 0,01). Também não foram observadas correlações significativas entre o As adsorvido de forma específica e os compostos identificados. Assim, sob as condições em que o trabalho foi desenvolvido, não houve influência da qualidade do material orgânico na adsorção de As. Para o Pb, os compostos alifáticos da MOS (alcanos e alcenos) favoreceram a adsorção independentemente do pH do meio. Palavras-chave: Alcanos. Alcenos. Py-GC/MS. Matéria Orgânica do Solo.Abstract: Histosols play a fundamental role in the regulation and balance of the groundwater, as well as in the biodiversity of various ecosystems, carbon sequestration and adsorption of substances such as heavy metals and other pollutants, preventing them from reaching the water groundwater. In this sense, the objective of this work was to identify the organic compounds of the soil organic matter (SOM) that influence the adsorption of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in acid and basic conditions. For that, four samples of Histosols distributed in five sampling points in the municipalities of Piraquara and Balsa Nova, both located in the state of Paraná - BR were collected in the first 5 cm of the soil. The samples were dried in air, sieved and submitted to pyrolysis in combination with gas chromatography (Py-CG / MS) to identify organic compounds. After concentration of organic material via removal of paramagnetic materials using HF solution (10%) the samples were removed. saturated with 24,000 ppm of Pb and As in isolation and in two pH values, one acid and the other basic. Then, the exchangeable contents of both Pb and As were determined and with the extraction residue, the pseudo-total contents were determined. As a way of verifying the influence and possible interactions between the adsorbed contents in a specific and non-specific way, the pyrolysis data and the contents of adsorbed metals were plotted together through the principal components analysis. Positive correlations were observed between Pb exchangeable at pH 3.5 with phenolic compounds (r = 0.6; p = 0.03), ligninophenols (r = 0.5; p = 0.05) and sterols (r = 0.6; p = 0.006). For Pb exchangeable at pH 7.0, no significant correlations were observed with the compounds identified. With regard to Pb adsorbed specifically, there was a significant correlation with aliphatic compounds: alkenes (r = 0.8; p <0.01), alkanes (r = 0.8; p <0.01) and methyl ketones ( r = 0.7; p <0.01). In relation to As, the increase in pH from 3.5 to 8.0 disadvantaged the adsorption process of both the external sphere (exchangeable form) and the internal sphere (pseudo-total contents), with the greatest correlation found between the As exchangeable with ligninophenols at pH 8.0 (r = 0.55; p = 0.01).There were also no significant correlations between As adsorbed specifically and the compounds identified. Thus, under the conditions in which the work was developed, there was no influence of the quality of the organic material on the adsorption of As. For Pb, while the aliphatic compounds of MOS (alkanes and alkenes) favored adsorption regardless of the pH of the medium. Keywords: Alkanes. Alkenes. Py-GC/MS. Soil Organic Matte

Characterization and quality assessment of frozen tropical fruit pulp

Given the increase in the production, commercialization andconsumption of fruit pulp in southwest Piauí state (PI), Brazil, research is needed to gain information on the composition of products already on the market. As such, this study aimed to assess the quality of fruit pulp based on standards established by current legislation. The pulps studied were acerola, cajá, cupuaçu, guava and passion fruit, which were thawed and homogenized. The samples were stored with three replications and the following assessed: total soluble solids (TSS), tritratable acidity (TA), pH and total vitamin C. The TSS (°Brix) and TA (% citric acid) values in acerola, cajá, cupuaçu, guava and passion fruit pulps were 5.20º and 1.02%, 3.20º and 0.86%, 13.24º and 2.42%, 4.80° and 0.64% and 6.20º and 2.41%, respectively. The pH values of acerola (3.00) and cupuaçu (3.02) pulps were in line with legislation (Ordinance 58, of August 30, 2016), whereas cajá (2.05), guava (2.72) and passion fruit (2.72) were below the established limit. With respect to vitamin C, acerola (1015.42 mg per 100 g), cajá (49.60 mg per 100 g), guava (29.0 mg per 100 g) and passion fruit (22.25 mg per 100 g) were in accordance with legislation, where as cupuaçu was below the legally stipulated content (11.68 mg per 100 g). All the pulps studied had at least one characteristic that did not meet the minimum legal requirement, which can be resolved by adopting good manufacturing practices that comply with legislation