Le discours baroque sur la science de l'histoire

Sans doute dois-je, non à la modestie mais à l’honnêteté d’avouer d’emblée mon embarras. Suis-je bien à ma place parmi vous ? durant cette session ? N’est-ce point il y a trois ans, lorsque vous débattiez du Logos de l’histoire que cette communication aurait pu être faite ? Spécialiste de l’historiographie au xixe siècle, quelle compétence scientifique puis-je évoquer pour dissiper mon inquiétude face à ma présomption ? Certes, j’ai osé une rapide synthèse sur l’histoire de l’historiographie..

Insegnare l’Europa. Concetti e rappresentazioni nei libri di testo europei

Il volume presenta i risultati di una ricerca comparata che ha analizzato i manuali scolastici utilizzati oggi nei diversi paesi europei per verificare quale spazio abbia in essi la trattazione dell’Europa, quali valori e concetti vengano presentati come caratterizzanti la civiltà europea, e in quali modi l’attenzione alle appartenenze nazionali venga coniugata con la nuova centralità dell’Europa.- Indice #5- Introduzione Nazioni ed Europa nell’educazione scolastica: come vediamo noi stessi e gli “altri”?, Falk Pingel #13- Insegnare la singolarità dell’Europa, Charles Olivier Carbonell #75- Tradizione religiosa e identità nazionale nell’Europa sudorientale, Răzvan Theodorescu #103- Cittadino, europeo e cosmopolita: scopi e compiti dell’educazione civica, Alistair Ross #119- Diversi modi di vedere l’integrazione europea, Juan Díez Medrano #153- Tendenze attuali nei manuali spagnoli di storia e di geografia dell’educazione secondaria obbligatoria, Rafael Valls #173- L’Europa nei programmi e nei manuali scolastici francesi: verso una nuova comunità immaginaria europea?, Hélène Baeyens #189- L’Europa del Novecento: un’analisi dei manuali di storia della scuola media italiana degli anni Novanta, Luigi Cajani #141- “Una nuova cultura capace di superare nazionalismi e separatismi”. Esempi da libri di educazione civica italiani, Olga Bombardelli #239- L’Europa nei libri di testo di storia del Regno Unito: insegnamento e apprendimento, Keith Crawford #265- L’Europa nei testi di geografia inglesi, John Hopkin #295- “Un lento avvicinamento all’Europa”: la dimensione europea nei testi britannici di storia contemporanea, Mark Engel #319- L’Europa si sta aprendo al resto del mondo? I cambiamenti avvenuti nella rappresentazione dell’Europa nei testi scolastici della Germania dopo la riunificazione (Wende) del 1989/90, Rolf Westheider #329- Visioni del mondo legate alla geografia: l’Europa vista dagli studenti della Germania, Armin Hüttermann #353- Cittadini della Germania e dell’Ue. La rappresentazione dell’Europa nei manuali scolastici tedeschi di educazione politica, K. Peter Fritzsche #375- L’Europa nei manuali greci di educazione civica, Despina Karakatsani #395- Dalla rivoluzione mondiale al dominio degli ambienti culturali? La rappresentazione dell’Europa nei testi scolastici russi di “storia mondiale”, Michail A. Bojcov #417- Alla ricerca di un cammino verso l’Europa: la dimensione europea nei testi di storia del XX secolo della Russia, Vera Kaplan #441- L’immagine dell’Europa nei libri di testo della Romania, Mirela Luminiţa Murgescu #473- L’”altra” entità politica esterna e le immagini dell’Europa nei manuali di storia moderna della Bulgaria successivi al 1917, Snezhana Dimitrova #501- La storia europea all’università di Belgrado: momenti concettuali della sua rappresentazione, Milan Ristović #521- Ricerca storica e redazione dei libri di testo nelle entità statali nate dalla Jugoslavia socialista, Neven Budak #535- Tra euforia, moderazione e isolamento: l’Europa nei testi scolastici di storia delle repubbliche della ex Jugoslavia, Heike Karge #551- Prospettive sull’educazione ai diritti dell’uomo nella Repubblica serba, Aleksandra Petrović #59

Early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis not responding to medical treatment: a prospective controlled study

peer reviewedBackground: Early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis is an emerging treatment option. We aimed to assess the risk of alcohol relapse 2 years after early liver transplantation for alcohol-related hepatitis compared with liver transplantation for alcohol-related cirrhosis after at least 6 months of abstinence. Methods: We conducted a multicentre, non-randomised, non-inferiority, controlled study in 19 French and Belgian hospitals. All participants were aged 18 years or older. There were three groups of patients recruited prospectively: patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis who did not respond to medical treatment and were eligible for early liver transplantation according to a new selection scoring system based on social and addiction items that can be quantified in points (early transplantation group); patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation after at least 6 months of abstinence (standard transplantation group); patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis not responding to medical treatment not eligible for early liver transplantation according to the selection score (not eligible for early transplantation group), this group did not enter any further liver transplantation processes. We also defined a historical control group of patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis unresponsive to medical therapy and non-transplanted. The primary outcome was the non-inferiority of 2-year rate of alcohol relapse after transplantation in the early transplantation group compared with the standard transplantation group using the alcohol timeline follow back (TLFB) method and a prespecified non-inferiority margin of 10%. Secondary outcomes were the pattern of alcohol relapse, 2-year survival rate post-transplant in the early transplantation group compared with the standard transplantation group, and 2-year overall survival in the early transplantation group compared with patients in the not eligible for early transplantation group and historical controls. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01756794. Findings: Between Dec 5, 2012, and June 30, 2016, we included 149 patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis: 102 in the early transplantation group and 47 in the not eligible for early transplantation group. 129 patients were included in the standard transplantation group. 68 patients in the early transplantation group and 93 patients in the standard transplantation group received a liver transplant. 23 (34%) patients relapsed in the early transplantation group, and 23 (25%) patients relapsed in the standard transplantation group; therefore, the non-inferiority of early transplantation versus standard transplantation was not demonstrated (absolute difference 9·1% [95% CI –∞ to 21·1]; p=0·45). The 2-year rate of high alcohol intake was greater in the early transplantation group than the standard transplantation group (absolute difference 16·7% [95% CI 5·8–27·6]) The time spent drinking alcohol was not different between the two groups (standardised difference 0·24 [95% CI −0·07 to 0·55]), but the time spent drinking a large quantity of alcohol was higher in the early transplantation group than the standard transplantation group (standardised difference 0·50 [95% CI 0·17–0·82]). 2-year post-transplant survival was similar between the early transplantation group and the standard transplantation group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·87 [95% CI 0·33–2·26]); 2-year overall survival was higher in the early transplantation group than the not eligible for early transplantation group and historical controls (HR 0·27 [95% CI 0·16–0·47] and 0·21 [0·13–0·32]). Interpretation: We cannot conclude non-inferiority in terms of rate of alcohol relapse post-transplant between early liver transplantation and standard transplantation. High alcohol intake is more frequent after early liver transplantation. This prospective controlled study confirms the important survival benefit related to early liver transplantation for severe alcohol-related hepatitis; and this study provides objective data on survival and alcohol relapse to tailor the management of patients with severe alcohol-related hepatitis. Funding: The present study has been granted by the French Ministry of Health—Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique 2010

Conclusion

Carbonell Charles-Olivier. Conclusion. In: Historiographie du catharisme. Toulouse : Éditions Privat, 1979. pp. 411-414. (Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 14

Vulgarisation et récupération : le catharisme à travers les mass-media

Carbonell Charles-Olivier. Vulgarisation et récupération : le catharisme à travers les mass-media. In: Historiographie du catharisme. Toulouse : Éditions Privat, 1979. pp. 361-380. (Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 14

D’Augustin Thierry à Napoléon Peyrat : un demi-siècle d’occultation (1820-1870)

Carbonell Charles-Olivier. D’Augustin Thierry à Napoléon Peyrat : un demi-siècle d’occultation (1820-1870). In: Historiographie du catharisme. Toulouse : Éditions Privat, 1979. pp. 143-162. (Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 14

Carta de Charles-Olivier Carbonell al president del Comité d'organització del I Congrés d'Història Moderna de Catalunya

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Les historiens protestants libéraux ou les illusions d’une histoire scientifique (1870-1914)

Carbonell Charles-Olivier. Les historiens protestants libéraux ou les illusions d’une histoire scientifique (1870-1914). In: Historiographie du catharisme. Toulouse : Éditions Privat, 1979. pp. 185-203. (Cahiers de Fanjeaux, 14

Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. Le phénomène "Nouvelle Histoire". Stratégie et idéologie des nouveaux historiens

Carbonell Charles-Olivier. Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. Le phénomène "Nouvelle Histoire". Stratégie et idéologie des nouveaux historiens. In: Politique étrangère, n°2 - 1985 - 50ᵉannée. pp. 533-535

L'histoire dite « positiviste » en France

Carbonell Charles-Olivier. L'histoire dite « positiviste » en France. In: Romantisme, 1978, n°21-22. Les positivismes. pp. 173-185