Advanced natural regeneration of native arboreal species in the sub-forest of settlements of Eucalyptus saligna Smith., in the area of the south forest of Pernambuco

A capacidade de regenera\ue7\ue3o natural de esp\ue9cies nativas em situa\ue7\uf5es de competi\ue7\ue3o com \ue1rvores de plantios florestais pode ser considerado um fator de grande valor para a manuten\ue7\ue3o da diversidade. Diante disso, o presente estudo avaliou a regenera\ue7\ue3o natural de esp\ue9cies nativas no sub-bosque de um povoamento de Eucalyptus saligna Smith., localizado na Reserva Biol\uf3gica de Saltinho, PE. Para a an\ue1lise da estimativa da regenera\ue7\ue3o natural das esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas foram selecionados tr\ueas talh\uf5es de Eucalyptus saligna Smith. Em cada um deles, foram implantadas parcelas de 1,0 x 50 m, sendo uma na extremidade do talh\ue3o e as outras distanciando 10 m de uma da outra, totalizando dez subunidades. As an\ue1lises foram estabelecidas, com base no n\uedvel de inclus\ue3o das esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas em regenera\ue7\ue3o natural com Circunfer\ueancia do Caule a Altura de 30 cm do solo - (CAB0,30m) 64 15 cm, e as classes de alturas foram assim distribu\ueddas: Classe 1 com indiv\uedduos arb\uf3reos com altura (H) 1,0 64 H 64 2,0, a Classe 2 com altura (H), 2 < H 64 3 e a Classe 3 com altura (H) >3,0 m. Para avaliar a diversidade flor\uedstica a n\uedvel de esp\ue9cie utilizou-se o \uedndice de Shannon (H\ub4). No total, foram amostrados 302 ind\uedviduos vivos, pertencentes a 23 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nicas, 31 g\ueaneros e 39 esp\ue9cies. Analisando-se os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que o eucalipto possibilita a regenera\ue7\ue3o de esp\ue9cies nativas no sub-bosque, contudo, a composi\ue7\ue3o flor\uedstica depende tamb\ue9m de caracter\uedsticas ed\ue1ficas e da proximidade de fontes de prop\ue1gulos.The capacity of natural regeneration of native species in situations of competition with forest plantation trees can be considered an important factor in maintaining diversity. Therefore, the present study evaluated the natural regeneration of native species in the sub-forest of a settlement of Eucalyptus saligna Smith., located on the Biological Reservation of Saltinho \u2013 PE. To estimate the natural regeneration of the arboreal species, three stands of Eucalyptus saligna Smith were selected. In each one of them, 10 sub-units of 1.0 x 50 m were implanted, one being on the edge of the stand and the others with a distance of 10 m one from another. The analyses were established based on the level of inclusion of the arboreal species in natural regeneration with circumference from stem to height of 30 cm from the soil - (CAB0.30m) 64 15 cm, and the classes of heights were distributed as follows: Class 1- arboreal individuals with heights (H) 1.0 64 H 64 2.0; Class 2- with heights (H), 2 < H 64 3; and ; Class 3- with heights (H) >3.0 m. To evaluate the floristic diversity at the species level, the Shannon index was used (H\ub4). In total, 302 live individuals were sampled, belonging to 23 botanical families, 31 genera and 39 species. Based upon the results, it is possible to conclude that the Eucalyptus saligna tree does not preclude the natural regeneration of native species in the stand understory, however the floristic structure of the community is also influenced by edaphic factors and vicinity of seed sources

NATURAL REGENERATION'S STUDY OF ARBOREAL SPECIES IN MATA DAS GALINHAS FRAGMENT, HUMID FOREST IN CATENDE'S CITY, PERNAMBUCO'S SOUTH ZONE

O estudo foi desenvolvido no fragmento denominado Mata das Galinhas, situado no munic\uedpio de Catende \u2013 PE, na mesorregi\ue3o da mata pernambucana, mais precisamente na microrregi\ue3o da mata \ufamida, a 142 Km da capital, nas coordenadas 8\ub069'06"S e 35\ub069'08" W, com altitude m\ue9dia de 199m. O relevo varia, predominantemente, de ondulado a forte ondulado. Os solos predominantes s\ue3o classificados como latossolo vermelho distr\uf3fico e nitossolo vermelho associado ao latossolo. A vegeta\ue7\ue3o \ue9 de Floresta Ombr\uf3fila Densa. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a regenera\ue7\ue3o natural de esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas no fragmento florestal e verificar a diversidade e a estrutura das esp\ue9cies no mesmo. Para a estimativa da regenera\ue7\ue3o natural das esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas, foram locadas, de forma sistem\ue1tica, 16 subparcelas de 25 m2 (5 x 5 m), no centro de 16 unidades amostrais permanentes de 250 m2 (10,0 x 25,0 m), para o estudo da fitossociologia da comunidade arb\uf3rea adulta, com um distanciamento de 50 m entre si. O n\uedvel de inclus\ue3o foi de CAP 64 15 cm, e a medi\ue7\ue3o de altura (h) foi dividida em classes, em que a classe 1 contemplou indiv\uedduos com 1,0 64 h 64 2,0 m, a classe 2 com indiv\uedduos 2,0 < h 64 3,0 m e a classe, 3 indiv\uedduos com h > 3,0 m. Foram realizados os c\ue1lculos da sufici\ueancia amostral e da diversidade. No fragmento, foram amostrados 194 indiv\uedduos, pertencentes a 31 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nicas e a 60 esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas. Destas, 42 foram identificadas em n\uedvel de esp\ue9cie; 4,em n\uedvel de g\ueanero; 2, em n\uedvel de fam\uedlia; e 2, indeterminadas. As dez esp\ue9cies com maiores valores para regenera\ue7\ue3o natural Total da Popula\ue7\ue3o Amostrada (RNT) representaram 53,78%, estando assim distribu\ueddas: Brosimum discolor Schott (9,98%), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (9,19%), Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers (8,01%), Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth. (7,0%), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (5,44%), Erythroxylum squamatum Sw. (3,32%), Cupania revoluta Rolfe (3,16%), Sorocea hilarii Gaudich. (2,66%), Cordia nodosa Lam. (2,52%) e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (2,50%). Tais esp\ue9cies apresentaram capacidade de regenera\ue7\ue3o no fragmento, sendo que, no futuro, provavelmente, ser\ue3o as principais respons\ue1veis pela manuten\ue7\ue3o da estrutura e fisionomia da floresta. O \uedndice de diversidade encontrado para o fragmento foi de 3,57 nats/ind.The study was developed in the fragment situated in the Catende's \u2013 PE city (Mata das Galinhas \u2013 8\ub069'06" S; 35\ub069'08" W), in mesoregion of the pernambucana forest, more necessarily in the humid forest's microregion, at 142 km of the capital. The area's vegetacion is Humid Forest. The relief varies wavy to very wavy, with 199 m altitude. The soil is classified as red latisols dystrophic and red nitosols associated to latisols. The present work aims to study and evaluated the total natural regeneration of arboreal species in the forest fragment and to verify the diversity and structure of the species in the same one. For estimate the natural regeneration, were made systematically 16 subunits (samples with 5 x 5 m). These subunits were inserted in the middle samples (10 x 25 m) before used to evaluate the community arboreal phytossociology, with 50 meters between the ones. The regeneration study (CAP 64 15 cm) was developed with heights divided in three categories (1 \u2013 individuals with minimum heights 1 64 2 m; 2 - individuals with minimum heights 2 64 3 m; 3 - individuals with heights > 3 m). Besides, the samply sufficient and diversity were calculated. In fragment was observed 31 botanical families and 60 arboreal species inside 194 individuals. 42 had been identified in level of species, 4 in sort level, 2 in family level and 2 are not identify. Ten species obtained bigest values for total natural regeneration of the samples population (RNT) and contribute with 53,78% of the total percentage, how is descript following way: Brosimum discolor Schott (9,98%), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (9,19%), Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers (8,01%), Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth. (7,0%), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (5,44%), Erythroxylum squamatum Sw. (3,32%), Cupania revoluta Rolfe (3,16%), Sorocea hilarii Gaudich. (2,66%), Cordia nodosa Lam. (2,52%) e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (2,50%). These species had presented a good capacity of regeneration, probably they will be main responsible for the maintenance of forest's structure and physiognomy. The diversity (H ') was 3,65 nats/ind for the fragment

Vigor Of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. Seeds Under Different Storage And Packaging Conditions1

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o vigor das sementes de pau-de-jangada (Apeiba tibourbou) quando estas foram submetidas a diferentes condi\ue7\uf5es de armazenamento e embalagens durante 225 dias. Ap\uf3s o beneficiamento, as sementes de pau-de-jangada foram acondicionadas nas seguintes embalagens: vidro transparente, sacos de papel Kraft e sacos de polietileno transparente e armazenadas nos ambientes: natural de laborat\uf3rio (24,8\ub0C a 28\ub0C; UR 68,9 a 82,5%), freezer (-20\ub0C; UR 90%) e c\ue2mara (18,5 \ub1 1\ub0C; UR 71 \ub1 3%). Para avalia\ue7\ue3o da qualidade inicial das sementes e a cada 45 dias, totalizando 225 dias de armazenamento, foi determinado o teor de \ue1gua das sementes e realizados testes de vigor (porcentagem e velocidade de emerg\ueancia, comprimento e massa seca das pl\ue2ntulas). Dentre as condi\ue7\uf5es de armazenamento estudadas, a mais adequada para conserva\ue7\ue3o das sementes de pau-de-jangada por 180 dias, com menor perda de vigor, foi o ambiente natural de laborat\uf3rio, quando se utilizou a embalagem saco de polietileno.This study had the objective of evaluating the vigor of Apeiba tibourbou seeds submitted to different storage and packaging conditions, during 225 days. After processing, the Apeiba tibourbou seeds were conditioned in the following packages: transparent glass containers, Kraft paper bags and transparent polyethylene bags and stored under the following conditions: room temperature in a laboratory (24.8\ub0C to 28\ub0C; UR 68.9 to 82.5%), in a freezer (-20\ub0C; UR 90%) and in a chamber (18.5 \ub1 1\ub0C; UR 71 \ub1 3%). At the beginning and every 45 days, during 225 days of storage, the seed moisture content was determined and a vigor test was carried out (percentage and index of speed of emergence, length (cm) and dry weight matter (mg) of seedling). Among the storage conditions studied, the most suitable for conservation of Apeiba tibourbou seeds for 180 days, with less loss of vigor was the natural environment of the laboratory, when using the polyethylene bag packaging

Contribution from Tree Legumes to Mixed Grass-Legume Pastures

Legumes and associated microorganisms may fix N from atmosphere and benefit grass on mixed grass-legume pastures. Nitrogen may be transferred by different mechanisms, including direct transfer of N compounds by roots, decomposition of nodules, roots, litter from legume (Nair 1993), and through animal excreta after legume intake by cattle. Silvopastoral systems including tree legumes may become a viable option in tropical regions, considering the increasing prices of N fertilizers compared to farm products such as beef and milk. This experiment evaluated legume contribution on mixed grass-legume pastures in the coastal region of Pernambuco State, Brazil

Phytosociological structure of the arboreous component of Dense Ombrophylous Forest fragment in south bush of Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a fisionomia e a estrutura de um fragmento de Floresta Ombr\uf3fila Densa localizado no munic\uedpio de Catende, Pernambuco. Foram mensuradas todas as \ue1rvores com de DAP (di\ue2metro a altura do peito) 65 4,77 cm em quarenta parcelas (10 x 25 m), instaladas sistematicamente em cinco transectos. Observou-se 1.049 indiv\uedduos, distribu\ueddos em 91 esp\ue9cies, 64 g\ueaneros e 37 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nicas. Mimosaceae e Lauraceae foram as fam\uedlias com maior n\ufamero de esp\ue9cies enquanto que Anacardiaceae e Moraceae tiveram o maior n\ufamero de indiv\uedduos. O \uedndice do Shannon (H') foi de 3,83 nats/ind. A \ue1rea basal total, a altura e o di\ue2metro (m\ue9dio e m\ue1ximo) foram 23,59 m2/ha, 13,57 m (\ub17,13), 45 m, 13,20 cm (\ub110,60) e 127,32 cm respectivamente. As dez esp\ue9cies de maior valor de import\ue2ncia foram Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith, Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Rusby, Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth., Plathymenia foliolosa Benth., Brosimum discolor Schott, Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp., Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin, Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers e Cecropia palmata Willd. A distribui\ue7\ue3o diam\ue9trica apresentou curva semelhante \ue0 forma de J-invertido, prevista para uma floresta ineq\ufci\ue2nea em est\ue1gio de sucess\ue3o secund\ue1ria.This work aimed to describe physiognomy and structure of a Dense Ombrophyllous Forest fragment located in Catende, Pernambuco. All trees with DAP (breast height diameter) 65 4.77 cm were measured in 40 10 x 25 m plots, systematically installed in five transects. A total of 1049 individuals were observed, distributed in 91 species, 64 genera and 37 botanical families. Mimosaceae and Lauraceae were the families with higher species number, while Anacardiaceae and Moraceae had the highest individuals numbers. Shannon index (H') was 3.83 nats/ind. Total basal area, height and diameter (average and maximum) were 23.59 m2/ha, 13.57 m (\ub1 7.13), 45 m, 13.20 cm (\ub1 10.60) and 127.32 cm, respectively. The species with higher importance values were Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith, Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Rusby, Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth., Plathymenia foliolosa Benth., Brosimum discolor Schott, Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp., Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin, Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers and Cecropia palmata Willd. Diametric distribution had an inverted-J-like curve, predicted for a forest unequal in ages in a secondary succession stage

METHODS FOR OVERCOMING DORMANCY OF QUIXABEIRA SEEDS ( Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem.& Schult.) T.D.Penn.)

Devido \ue0 aus\ueancia de informa\ue7\uf5es sobre a metodologia para avalia\ue7\ue3o da qualidade fisiol\uf3gica de sementes das esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas medicinais, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar o m\ue9todo mais eficiente para supera\ue7\ue3o da dorm\ueancia tegumentar em sementes de Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn.. Al\ue9m das sementes intactas, sementes que n\ue3o foram submetidas a nenhum tratamento, tamb\ue9m foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos pr\ue9-germinativos: escarifica\ue7\ue3o qu\uedmica - as sementes foram imersas em \ue1cido sulf\ufarico absoluto por 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 minutos; escarifica\ue7\ue3o mec\ue2nica - as sementes foram friccionadas manualmente em lixa n\ub0 50, do lado oposto \ue0 micr\uf3pila, sem ou com embebi\ue7\ue3o por 24 ou 48 horas; imers\ue3o em \ue1gua a 100\ub0C por 15 ou 30 segundos; imers\ue3o em \ue1gua a 80\ub0C at\ue9 o resfriamento. Os efeitos foram avaliados atrav\ue9s de testes de germina\ue7\ue3o e vigor. Constatou-se que houve diferen\ue7a significativa entre os tratamentos para todos os par\ue2metros avaliados (porcentagem e velocidade de germina\ue7\ue3o, comprimento e massa seca de parte a\ue9rea e raiz prim\ue1ria), e a causa mais evidente da dorm\ueancia \ue9 a impermeabilidade do tegumento, a qual foi superada com maior efici\ueancia pelo m\ue9todo de imers\ue3o em \ue1cido sulf\ufarico por 30 minutos.Due to absence of information about the methodology for the evaluation of the physiological quality of seeds of medicinal arboreal species seeds, the aim of the present work was to determine the most efficient method to overcome the seed coat dormancy in seeds of Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem.& Schult.) T.D.Penn.. Besides the intact seeds, the ones which had not been submitted to any treatment, the following pre-germinating methods were used: chemical scarification: the seeds were immersed in pure sulfuric acid for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes at the environment temperature (27\ub0C \ub1 1\ub0C); mechanical scarification: the seeds were rubbed manually in sandpaper number 50, in the opposite side of micropyle, without and with soaking for 24 or 48 hours; thermal scarification: immersion in water at 100\ub0C for 15 or 30 seconds; immersion in water to 80\ub0C until cooling. The effects of treatments were evaluated through tests of germination and vigor. There were significant differences among the treatments for all the evaluated parameters (percentage and speed of germination, length and dry weight of shoot and root), and the most evident cause of dormancy was the coat impermeability, which efficiency was overcame by the immersion of seeds in pure sulfuric acid for 30 minutes

Seed germination and initial growth of of Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook f. ex S. Moore Seedlings

A Tabebuia aurea (craibeira) \ue9 uma esp\ue9cie arb\uf3rea nativa que pode ser utilizada na recomposi\ue7\ue3o de \ue1reas degradadas, como planta ornamental e fornecedora de madeira de boa qualidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas e substratos sobre a germina\ue7\ue3o das sementes e o crescimento inicial de pl\ue2ntulas de Tabebuia aurea. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 5 x 5 (cinco substratos: papel toalha, areia, vermiculita, p\uf3 de coco e Tropstrato\uae; cinco temperaturas: 25, 30, 35, 20-30 e 20-35\ubaC), com quatro repeti\ue7\uf5es de 25 sementes cada. Foram avaliados os seguintes par\ue2metros: germina\ue7\ue3o, primeira contagem da germina\ue7\ue3o, \uedndice de velocidade de germina\ue7\ue3o, tempo m\ue9dio de germina\ue7\ue3o, comprimento e massa seca da parte a\ue9rea e do sistema radicial. As temperaturas e substratos influenciaram as caracter\uedsticas avaliadas, exceto a avalia\ue7\ue3o final da germina\ue7\ue3o, a qual variou entre 84 e 94%. As temperaturas \uf3timas de germina\ue7\ue3o foram 30 e 35\ubaC. Os substratos papel toalha e entre areia foram mais adequados para avalia\ue7\ue3o segura da qualidade fisiol\uf3gica de sementes de Tabebuia aurea.Tabebuia aurea is a native arboreal species that can be used in recomposition programs of degradated areas, as ornamental plant and for production of wood of quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the temperature and substrate on seed germination and initial growth of T. aurea seedlings. The experiment was developed in a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 5 x 5 with temperatures of 25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 20-35\ubaC; and substrates: paper towels, and into sand, vermiculite, coconut fiber and Tropstrato\uae, with four replications of 25 seeds each. The following parameters were also analyzed: germination, first germination count, germination speed index, average time of germination, length and dry weight matter of the shoot and the root. The temperatures and substrates influenced the analyzed parameters, except for the final percentage of germination, which varied from 84 to 94%. The optimal temperatures for germination were 30 and 35\ubaC. The substrates paper towels roll and sand can be recommended to evaluate the physiological quality of T.aurea seeds