Indicator values (IV) and p-values from Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) comparing reaches for each trait modality with a <i>p</i>-value < = 0.05 for A) Calapooia River and B) Rogue River.

<p>Indicator trait modalities are organized into upstream and downstream reach columns by year-defined rows. Significant <i>p</i>-values following a correction for multiple comparisons are indicated in bold.</p><p>Indicator values (IV) and p-values from Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) comparing reaches for each trait modality with a <i>p</i>-value < = 0.05 for A) Calapooia River and B) Rogue River.</p

Results of MRPP analysis for differences among taxonomically defined assemblages in both rivers.

<p>The first row of statistics for each group structure represents the test across the all groups comprised in that dataset, and the “pairs” column shows statistics for pairwise comparisons within the respective group. <i>A</i> is chance-corrected within-group agreement. Bolded p-values indicate significance at alpha = 0.05 after corrections for multiple comparisons.</p><p>Results of MRPP analysis for differences among taxonomically defined assemblages in both rivers.</p

Site locations.

<p>Each dot represents a macroinvertebrate sampling location: 3 riffles per reach on the Calapooia River, and 11 transects per reach on the Rogue River.</p

Mean %clingers (expressed as relative abundance, +/−2 standard errors) per reach across A) riffle sample units on the Calapooia, and B) transects sampled on the Rogue.

<p>In both panels, year is on the x-axis, and lighter-colored bars represent the upstream reaches. Vertical dashed line shows timing of dam removal. Note that, in the interest of space, the second downstream reach is not plotted for the Rogue due to the lack of change over time.</p

NMS ordination plot according to the functional community structure (based on 20 benthic insect traits) of A) 3 upstream and 3 downstream riffles associated with the Brownsville Dam removal on the Calapooia River over three collection years, and B) 11 upstream and 11 downstream transects associated with the Savage Rapids Dam removal on the Rogue River over four collection years.

<p>Note that the 11 transects from reach R-DS2 have been removed from the figure to reduce clutter (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108091#pone-0108091-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a> for MRPP analysis of these data, including the R-DS2 reach). The symbols follow the same explanation as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108091#pone-0108091-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>. A) Final stress for the two-dimensional solution = 6.4. B) Final stress for the two-dimensional solution was 13.2.</p

Annual peak discharge for the historical period of record and over the study period for the a) Calapooia at Holley, located 16 km upstream of Brownsville Dam, and b) Rogue River at Grants Pass located 8.6 km downstream of Savage Rapids Dam.

<p>Error bars on historical annual peaks represent 2 standard errors. Error bars for the Calapooia River for study years reflect estimation error associated with multiple regression estimate of peak discharge. Vertical dashed lined indicates approximate date of dam removal.</p

Plot of geometric mean grain size by reach over time at a) Calapooia River and b) Rogue River.

<p>Symbols represent the mean value, and lines represent two standard errors from the mean.</p

Characteristics of the study reaches and sediment reservoirs.

<p>Barrier height varies with season due to installation of flashboards (Brownsville Dam) and stop logs (Savage Rapids Dam). Erosional efficiency was calculated as dimensionless ratio of the volume of sediment eroded from the reservoir to the volume of streamflow delivered to the site across the study period. D50_R = median grain size of the reservoir sediments. D50_D = median grain size of the river bed downstream of the dam.</p><p>Characteristics of the study reaches and sediment reservoirs.</p

NMS ordination plot according to the taxonomic structure of A) 3 upstream and 3 downstream riffles associated with the Brownsville Dam removal on the Calapooia River over three collection years, and B) 11 upstream and 11 downstream transects associated with the Savage Rapids Dam removal on the Rogue River over four collection years.

<p>Note that the 11 transects from reach “DS2” have been removed from the figure to reduce clutter (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108091#pone-0108091-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a> for MRPP analysis of these data, including the DS2 reach). A) Final stress for the two-dimensional solution = 10.1. B) Final stress for a three-dimensional solution was 15.2, and the unpictured third axis had R² = 0.21.</p

Mean %EPT (expressed as a proportion, +/−2 standard errors) per reach across A) riffle sample units on the Calapooia, and B) transects sampled on the Rogue.

<p>In both panels, year is on the x-axis, and lighter-colored bars represent the upstream reaches. Vertical dashed line shows timing of dam removal. Note that the second downstream reach is not plotted for the Rogue River due to the lack of change over time.</p