Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumoperitoneum after diagnostic colonoscopy for ulcerative colitis: A rare but possible complication in patients with multiple risk factors

LETTER TO EDITO

Ten kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP10) is overexpressed during carcinogenesis of large bowel and uterine exocervix

In the present study, we evaluated the presence and the level of expression of HSP10 in two carcinogenetic models: the 'adenoma-carcinoma sequence' of large bowel and the 'dysplasia-carcinoma sequence' of uterine exocervix. We found HSP10 was overexpressed during the carcinogenesis of both organs. In particular, HSP10 was overexpressed early in large bowel carcinogenesis, while the expression of this protein in exocervical carcinogenesis gradually increased from normal through dysplastic to neoplastic tissues. The quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry and the Western blotting confirmed these results. Our previous observations showed overexpression of HSP60 in the same carcinogenetic models. This report correlates the overexpression of HSP10 with that of HSP60 during carcinogenesis in vivo. These results could stimulate further studies on the pathogenetic role of these proteins during the carcinogenesis as well as their use as diagnostic and prognostic tools in oncology. \ua9 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Microturbulence studies in RFX-mod

Present-days Reversed Field Pinches (RFPs) are characterized by quasi-laminar magnetic configurations in their core, whose boundaries feature sharp internal transport barriers, in analogy with tokamaks and stellarators. The abatement of magnetic chaos leads to the reduction of associated particle and heat transport along wandering field lines. At the same time, the growth of steep temperature gradients may trigger drift microinstabilities. In this work we summarize the work recently done in the RFP RFX-mod in order to assess the existence and the impact upon transport of such electrostatic and electromagnetic microinstabilities as Ion Temperature Gradient (ITG), Trapped Electron Modes (TEM) and microtearing modes.Comment: Work presented at the 2010 Varenna workshop "Theory of Fusion Plasmas". To appear in Journal of Physics Conference Serie

Bacterial–viral load and the immune response in stable and exacerbated COPD: Significance and therapeutic prospects

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung. Bacteria and viruses are a major cause of COPD exacerbations and may contribute to COPD progression by perpetuating the inflammatory response in the airways. Bacterial variety diminishes with increasing COPD severity. Respiratory viruses can colonize the lower respiratory tract in stable COPD, altering the respiratory microbiome and facilitating secondary bacterial infections. In this review, we present the most updated information about the role of bacteria and viruses in stable and exacerbated COPD. In our opinion, to optimize therapeutic strategies, the dynamic events involving bacterial–viral infections and related immune response in COPD phenotypes need to be better clarified. Our paper would address these points that we consider of great importance for the clinical management of COPD

Exosome levels in human body fluids: A tumor marker by themselves?

Despite considerable research efforts, the finding of reliable tumor biomarkers remains challenging and unresolved. In recent years a novel diagnostic biomedical tool with high potential has been identified in extracellular nanovesicles or exosomes. They are released by the majority of the cells and contain detailed molecular information on the cell of origin including tumor hallmarks. Exosomes can be isolated from easy accessible body fluids, and most importantly, they can provide several biomarkers, with different levels of specificity. Recent clinical evidence shows that the levels of exosomes released into body fluids may themselves represent a predictive/diagnostic of tumors, discriminating cancer patients from healthy subjects. The aim of this review is to highlight these latest challenging findings to provide novel and groundbreaking ideas for successful tumor early diagnosis and follow-up

Aroma characterization of mold resistant basewines for sparkling wine produced in a warm-temperate area at two different altitudes

In a recent context where consumers pay an increasing attention to sustainability and eco-friendly aspects in the decision-making process, the use of the resistant varieties in the winesector have returned to the attention. In this context, the use of mould-resistant grape varietieswould be an opportunity for sparkling wine producers as it can reduced the pesticideutilization in grape management and hence production costs. However, the use of the resistant varieties to produce the base wine may be strongly infl uenceddue to its requirements for a particular balance between sugars and acidity to ensure thequality of the fi nal product. In addition, the aromatic profi le of base wine plays a crucial rolein the perception of the quality of the sparkling wine. This work aims to study the volatile composition of base wines produced from fi ve resistantvarieties (Bronner, Solaris, Johanniter, Souvignier Gris, Vinera) cultivated in two experimentalvineyards located in Trentino (IT): one situated on the valley bottom and one in the hill. Theresults were comparing with those of Chardonnay, the main variety used in this areanowadays for this product, cultivated in the same plots. The volatiles were extracted from thebase wines and the GC-MS/MS analysis allowed to quantify the aromatic compoundsbelonging to six different chemical classes: acetates, ethyl esters, alcohols, fatty acids, terpenesand norisoprenoids. Among the varieties, Souvignier Gris was characterised by methyl salicylate and 1-hexanol,while Solaris stood out for the concentration of β-damascone, acetates and ethyl esters.Bronner showed signifi cant contents of some grape-derived metabolites, such as β-damasconeand linalool. This terpene was also present in higher quantities in Solaris and Johanniter.Regarding the location, acetates and ethyl esters were higher in base wines of the valleybottom and fatty acids, higher alcohols and terpenes in the hilly plot wines