Variation for carbon isotope ratio in a set of emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schrank) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions

A high level of drought tolerance is an important objective in breeding new generation wheat varieties. A group of six landraces of the emmer wheat (Triticum diccocum Schrank), as well as two landraces, two old cultivars and two modern varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for their ability to discriminate 13C, a trait related to stomatal closure and consequently, an important component tolerance to drought. Three emmer wheat landraces and one of the bread wheat landraces has the lowest. Therefore, emmer wheat may play the role of a donor of the tolerance to drought in wheat breeding programs targetting drought prone conditions.Key words: Emmer wheat, bread wheat, drought tolerance, carbon isotope ratio, discrimination

Evaluation of emmer wheat genetics resources aimed at dietary food production

Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio (organic) food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. In the set of 8 emmer wheat accessions, the main grain components, bread making characteristics and contents of health supporting chemical substances such as total dietary fibre content and its components, content of total polyphenols plus catechin and ferulic acid contents, vitamins of the B group and E plus total content of carotenoids were evaluated by standard methods

Selection of Bread Wheat Varieties for Organic Farming, Baking Quality Being Emphasized

Organic methods growing bread wheat may have negative effects on the technological value, especially in the case of the crucial crude protein content. The aim of paper is to identify diferences in quality of 8 varieties recomended in conventional or organic conditions in Austria and 2 strains. Obvious effect of year on the quality, set up in statistics, was confirmed for qualitative parametres. The correlation analysis also provides similar figures. Effect of the year in a negative correlation to crude protein content (r=-0,66), whereas in a positive correlation to starch content (r=0,78) and falling number (r=0,86). Effect of the variety is represented by unclear correlation coefficients. Correlation analysis of selected qualitative parametrs of wheat shows an obvious relation between crude protein content and wet gluten content (r=0,93) and Zeleny - sedimentation value (r=0,82). On the other hand, starch content is in a negative correlation to crude protein content (r=-0,71), wet gluten content (r=-0,75) and Zeleny - sedimentation value (r=-0,62). According to the test results, any effect of the variety on the qualitative parametres was not obviously proved in statistics carried out in low-input systems (organic farming systems). It may be noted it is suitable to choose the content and quality of protein as selective criteria of the selection of varieties. Level of the qualitative parametres is never reduced below the quality level of worse-quality varieties grown in the same (similar, low-input) conditions. On the other hand, elite varieties provide grains characterized by better baking quality, but lower yield level than the other ones. This fact has to be taken into account, when suitable varieties for different use purpose being selected (food, feed and industry processing)