Olive cake, citrus pulp and wheat straw silage as an ingredient in lamb diets: 2. Effects on meat quality

In the Mediterranean area, the use of some agricultural by-products, difficult to be eliminated, in the feeding of animals, represents a key element for the valorization of bioenergetic resources. Among the agricultural by-products which may be found at a low price in our area, the olive cake and the citrus pulp of orange have awaked great interest..

Influence of ewe feeding systems on meat quality of suckling lambs

In recent years interest has grown in the zootechnical exploitation of environmental feeding resources, above all in marginal areas. The survival of these areas is linked to the development of the limited available resources. Of these, natural pastures represent one of the most important, not only because their zootechnical utilisation permits savings in alimentary costs, but above all because it results in better quality dairy and meat products. The aim of this study is to verify if and to what level ewe feeding systems influence the meat quality of suckling lambs

Follow-up study of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 overexpressing p16ink4a.

OBJECTIVE: The p16 (p16(Ink4a)) tumor-suppressor protein is a biomarker for activated expression of human papillomavirus oncogenes. However, data are insufficient to determine whether p16 overexpression predicts the risk for progression of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). This study was aimed at evaluating the risk for progression to CIN2 or worse during a 3-year follow-up of an unselected series of 739 patients with CIN1 biopsy specimens tested for p16 expression. METHODS: Positivity of p16 was defined as a diffuse overexpression in the basal/parabasal cell layers. Selection biases were ruled out using a control group of 523 patients with CIN1 biopsies not tested for p16 expression. Analysis was based on the ratio of progression rates. RESULTS: In the first year of follow-up, the 216 patients (29%) with p16-positive CIN1 had a higher progression rate (12.3%) than did the 523 patients with p16-negative CIN1 (2.2%) (rate ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.59-11.71). In the second and third years, differences were smaller (rate ratio, 1.32 and 1.14, respectively) and not significant. The patients with p16-positive CIN1 also had a lower risk for regression to normal in the first year of follow-up (rate ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.71) and nonsignificant changes in the second and third years (rate ratio, 0.81 and 0.84, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The patients with p16-positive CIN1 had an increased risk for progression that was concentrated in the first year of follow-up. Immunostaining of p16 could have a role in short-term surveillance of patients with CIN1. Further research should focus on midterm/long-term outcomes of p16-positive CIN1.

Substituição do milho por polpa cítrica em rações com alta proporção de concentrado para cordeiros confinados Replacement of corn by citrus pulp in high grain diets fed to feedlot lambs

A polpa cítrica desidratada (PC) é um subproduto altamente energético e com potencial para substituir o milho em rações de cordeiros desmamados precocemente. Dois experimentos foram realizados para avaliarem-se os efeitos da substituição do milho por PC no desempenho de cordeiros e na digestibilidade das rações. No Experimento 1, 64 cordeiros Santa Inês, com peso vivo inicial de 18 (&plusmn;0,6) kg e 73 (&plusmn;1) dias de idade, foram utilizados para avaliar o ganho de peso médio diário (GMD), o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e a conversão alimentar (CA). No experimento 2, 12 cordeiros foram mantidos em gaiolas para ensaio de metabolismo para determinar a digestibilidade aparente das rações no trato digestório total e o metabolismo de nitrogênio. Nos dois experimentos, os cordeiros foram alimentados com uma ração contendo 90% de concentrado (milho moído e/ou PC, farelo de soja e minerais) e 10% de feno de "coastcross" (Cynodon spp). A PC foi adicionada em 23,7; 46,1 e 68,4% da MS, substituindo o milho em 33, 67 e 100%, respectivamente. No Experimento 1, foi observado a maximização do GMD (267g dia-1) e do CMS (1,01kg dia-1), até o teor de substituição de 33% do milho pela PC. No Experimento 2, houve efeito linear (P<0,05) decrescente na digestibilidade da MS (P<0,03) e do PB (P<0,10). Por outro lado, a digestibilidade da FDN aumentou linearmente com a adição da PC. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos na digestiblidade aparente da matéria orgânica e no balanço de nitrogênio.<br>Dried citrus pulp (DCP) is a high energy byproduct and may be used to replace corn in early weaned lamb diets. Two trials were performed to evaluate the effects of replacing corn by dried citrus pulp on lamb performance and diet digestibility. In trial 1, 64 Santa Ines ram lambs (initial BW 18 &plusmn; 0.6kg and 73 &plusmn; 1 days old) were used to evaluate average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion (FC). In trial 2, 12 ram lambs were placed in metabolism crates to evaluate N metabolism and apparent digestibility of diets. In both trials, lambs were fed a 90% concentrate (ground corn and/or DCP, soybean meal and minerals) and 10% coastcross hay (Cynodon spp) diet. DCP was added at 23.7, 46.1 and 68% (diet DM) replacing corn by 33, 67 and 100%, respectively. In Trial 1, the higher ADG (267g day-1) and DMI (1.01kg day-1) were observed when DCP replaced corn by 33% in the diet. In Trial 2, apparent digestibility of DM (P<0.03) and CP (P<0.10) showed a linear decrease. However, NDF digestibility increased linearly (P<0.04) with the addition of DCP. OM digestibility and N metabolism were similar among treatments