Which Features are Learned by CodeBert: An Empirical Study of the BERT-based Source Code Representation Learning

The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) were proposed in the natural language process (NLP) and shows promising results. Recently researchers applied the BERT to source-code representation learning and reported some good news on several downstream tasks. However, in this paper, we illustrated that current methods cannot effectively understand the logic of source codes. The representation of source code heavily relies on the programmer-defined variable and function names. We design and implement a set of experiments to demonstrate our conjecture and provide some insights for future works.Comment: 1 table, 2 figure

某三甲医院造口伤口失禁门诊诊疗现状调查

Objective: To investigate the present situation of wound ostomy continence(WOC) clinic as well as to provide objective basis and expand working thoughts for carrying out WOC clinic.Method:3251 patients who visited our WOC clinic between December 2010 and March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: The patients know WOC clinic mostly (94.72%) by medical staff in our hospital. Chronic wound patients have the highest demand (63.82%). 6.51% patients with poor health and economic condition can’t stick to outpatient dressing. Most ostomy patients receive well health guidance during their hospitalization.Conclusion: The patients show great demands for WOC clincic. Next we should strengthen the propaganda, develop continuous nursing and telemedicine network.目的  调查造口伤口失禁门诊的工作现状，为更好地开展造口伤口失禁门诊提供客观依据和方向，拓展工作思路。方法  对我院自2010年12月—2015年3月造口伤口失禁门诊的3251名患者的诊疗状况进行回顾性分析。结果  造口伤口失禁门诊患者主要是通过本院医护人员知晓造口伤口失禁门诊（94.72%），患者中慢性伤口患者的需求量最大（63.82%），部分患者身体及家庭经济条件较差，未能坚持在门诊换药治疗（6.51%），造口患者在住院期间大部分已获得良好的健康指导。结论  患者对造口伤口失禁门诊有极大的需求，下一步须加强门诊宣传力度，开展延续性护理及远程治疗平台

A study of influencing parameters on conductor galloping for transmission lines

Factors influencing conductor galloping are so complicated that the development of galloping theories and anti-galloping technologies for transmission lines is limited. Study on influence parameters to the galloping is crucial to investigate galloping mechanism and anti-galloping methods. In this paper, three important dimensionless parameters, damping ratio, reduced wind velocity and reduced mass ratio, are proposed by dimensionless analysis based on the conductor galloping model. The expression of galloping equivalent amplitude is derived by using the average method, and the analytic solution is obtained when the aerodynamic curve is fitted by cubic and quintic polynomials respectively. For the aerodynamic coefficients, wind tunnel testing results of three typical eccentric ice accretion shapes, D shape, U shape and airfoil shape, are introduced to analyze the influence of the dimensionless parameters to the conductor galloping. Firstly, a new formula to calculate the galloping critical wind velocity is derived, which is more accurate than the result given by Den Hartog criterion. Secondly, the influence of reduced wind velocity and damping ratio to the galloping equivalent amplitude is studied. The results have an important guidance to anti-galloping design for transmission lines

Infrared Solution‐Processed Quantum Dot Solar Cells Reaching External Quantum Efficiency of 80% at 1.35 µm and Jsc in Excess of 34 mA cm−2

Developing low‐cost photovoltaic absorbers that can harvest the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) part of the solar spectrum, which remains unharnessed by current Si‐based and perovskite photovoltaic technologies, is a prerequisite for making high‐efficiency, low‐cost tandem solar cells. Here, infrared PbS colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells employing a hybrid inorganic–organic ligand exchange process that results in an external quantum efficiency of 80% at 1.35 µm are reported, leading to a short‐circuit current density of 34 mA cm−2 and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 7.9%, which is a current record for SWIR CQD solar cells. When this cell is placed at the back of an MAPbI3 perovskite film, it delivers an extra 3.3% PCE by harnessing light beyond 750 nm.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Solely economic mitigation strategy suggests upward revision of nationally determined contributions

The use of equity principles to review the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) is critical to facilitating more ambitious climate actions. However, disagreement over the equity principles persists. We instead treat emission reduction as a solely economic behavior motivated by avoiding future economic damage from climate change. Assuming no international cooperation, we provide a solely economic mitigation pathway to review national climate pledges until 2100. Using the value in 2030 to review the NDCs, we find that the NDCs of China, the USA, and the EU are 1.5, 1.4, and 0.9 respective GtCO2eq lower than their solely economic emission levels, whereas India commits 3.8 GtCO2eq more than its solely economic emission level. We also propose an equal-effort cooperation scenario toward 2°C where each country reduces emissions by 28% of their solely economic levels in 2030. Through exploration of the economic trade-offs, our results suggest that more ambitious NDCs are urgently needed

Disodium tricopper(II) tetra­kis[selenate(IV)] tetra­hydrate

The title compound, Na2Cu3(SeO3)4(H2O)4, has been prepared under hydro­thermal conditions. The crystal structure contains a three-dimensional anionic framework made up from distorted [CuO4(H2O)2] octa­hedra ( symmetry), [CuO4(H2O)] square pyramids and trigonal-pyramidal SeO3 units sharing common corners. The connectivity among these units leads to four- and eight-membered polyhedral rings, which by edge-sharing inter­connect into walls. A rhombus-like 16-membered polyhedral ring channel system with a longest length of approximately 14.0 Å and a shortest length of 5.3 Å is enclosed by such walls along the a axis. The water mol­ecules attached to the Cu atoms, as well as the electron lone pairs of the SeIV atoms, protrude into these channels. The seven-coordinated Na+ counter-cations occupy the remaining free space of the 16-membered polyhedral ring channels. An intricate network of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds further consolidates the three-dimensional structure

Symmetry-breaking-induced nonlinear optics at a microcavity surface

Second-order nonlinear optical processes lie at the heart of many applications in both classical and quantum regimes1,2,3. Inversion symmetry, however, rules out the second-order nonlinear electric-dipole response in materials widely adopted in integrated photonics (for example, SiO_2, Si and Si_3N_4). Here, we report nonlinear optics induced by symmetry breaking at the surface of an ultrahigh-Q silica microcavity under a sub-milliwatt continuous-wave pump. By dynamically coordinating the double-resonance phase matching, a second harmonic is achieved with an unprecedented conversion efficiency of 0.049% W^(−1), 14 orders of magnitude higher than that of the non-enhancement case. In addition, the nonlinear effect from the intrinsic symmetry breaking at the surface can be identified unambiguously, with guided control of the pump polarization and the recognition of the second-harmonic mode distribution. This work not only extends the emission frequency range of silica photonic devices, but also lays the groundwork for applications in ultra-sensitive surface analysis

Traditional Chinese Medicine for HIV-Associated Acute Herpes Zoster: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Background. Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common infection in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used widely in clinical practice for HZ, which remains not supportive of evidence. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TCM in treating HIV-associated HZ. Methods. Nine electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing TCM in treating HIV-associated HZ. Data were extracted on citations, interventions, and outcomes, by two authors independently. For the quality evaluation, Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was used. Meta-analyses were performed by Revman5.3 software. Effect estimation presented as risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. Twelve RCTs (n = 644) were included; the majority of them had a high or unclear risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that pain intensity (VAS 0–5) in the Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) group was lower than it in the drugs group (MD = −0.87, 95% CI [−1.69, −0.04], two trials, n = 93). Duration of herpes-related pain (days) of patients in the combination group was shorter than those in the drugs group (MD = −9.19, 95% CI [−16.73, −1.65], n = 144). The incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in the combination group was lower than in the drugs group (RR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.25, 0.99], n = 202). As for cure rate (complete absence of pain and herpes), two trials showed that CHM was better than drugs (RR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.13, 2.22], n = 93), five trials showed combination treatment was better than drugs (RR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.08, 1.82], n = 224). The cure rate in the acupuncture group was more than that in the drugs group (RR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.18, 3.36], n = 120). Four trials reported adverse effects and found no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion. CHM and acupuncture demonstrate more benefits than drugs in pain relief, cure rate improvement, and incidence reduction of PHN. However, given the data limitation and TCM therapies’ diversity, the conclusions need to be verified in future trials