125 research outputs found
The Unification of Nature and Human: From Cognition to Practice
Traditional Chinese civilization has had a long history of understanding the relationship between nature and human. The Chinese Ming dynasty physician Zhang Jingyue brought the cognition of "the unity of nature and human" into play by reconstructing Chinese medical theory and clinical practice thus achieving an important transition from cognition to practice. Based on the three main aspects of (i) holistic cognition and clinical application, (ii) yin-yang cognition and clinical application, and (iii) five elements-related cognition and clinical application, we further explore Zhang Jingyue's thoughts and applications from the cognition of "the unity of nature and human" to the practice of "the unity of knowledge and action" to provide reference and inspiration for the development of present-day medicine and even the progress of human civilization
The Unification of Nature and Human: From Cognition to Practice
Traditional Chinese civilization has had a long history of understanding the relationship between nature and human. The Chinese Ming dynasty physician Zhang Jingyue brought the cognition of "the unity of nature and human" into play by reconstructing Chinese medical theory and clinical practice thus achieving an important transition from cognition to practice. Based on the three main aspects of (i) holistic cognition and clinical application, (ii) yin-yang cognition and clinical application, and (iii) five elements-related cognition and clinical application, we further explore Zhang Jingyue's thoughts and applications from the cognition of "the unity of nature and human" to the practice of "the unity of knowledge and action" to provide reference and inspiration for the development of present-day medicine and even the progress of human civilization
Mass hierarchy sensitivity of medium baseline reactor neutrino experiments with multiple detectors
We report the neutrino mass hierarchy (MH) sensitivity of medium baseline
reactor neutrino experiments with multiple detectors. Sensitivity of
determining the MH can be significantly improved by adding a near detector and
combining both the near and far detectors. The size of the sensitivity
improvement is related to accuracy of the individual mass-splitting
measurements and requires strict control on the relative energy scale
uncertainty of the near and far detectors. We study the impact of both baseline
and target mass of the near detector on the combined sensitivity. A
figure-of-merit is defined to optimize the baseline and target mass of the near
detector and the optimal selections are 13~km and 4~kton
respectively for a far detector with the 20~kton target mass and 52.5~km
baseline. As typical examples of future medium baseline reactor neutrino
experiments, the optimal location and target mass of the near detector are
selected for JUNO and RENO-50. Finally, we discuss distinct effects of the
neutrino spectrum uncertainty for setups of a single detector and double
detectors, which indicate that the spectrum uncertainty can be well constrained
in the presence of the near detector.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure
Tuning the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Pt/Co/MgO heterostructures through MgO thickness
The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in the
ferromagnetic/heavy metal ultra-thin film structures , has attracted a lot of
attention thanks to its capability to stabilize Neel-type domain walls (DWs)
and magnetic skyrmions for the realization of non-volatile memory and logic
devices. In this study, we demonstrate that magnetic properties in
perpendicularly magnetized Ta/Pt/Co/MgO/Pt heterostructures, such as
magnetization and DMI, can be significantly influenced through both the MgO and
the Co ultrathin film thickness. By using a field-driven creep regime domain
expansion technique, we find that non-monotonic tendencies of DMI field appear
when changing the thickness of MgO and the MgO thickness corresponding to the
largest DMI field varies as a function of the Co thicknesses. We interpret this
efficient control of DMI as subtle changes of both Pt/Co and Co/MgO interfaces,
which provide a method to investigate ultra-thin structures design to achieve
skyrmion electronics.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure
In Defense of Softmax Parametrization for Calibrated and Consistent Learning to Defer
Enabling machine learning classifiers to defer their decision to a downstream
expert when the expert is more accurate will ensure improved safety and
performance. This objective can be achieved with the learning-to-defer
framework which aims to jointly learn how to classify and how to defer to the
expert. In recent studies, it has been theoretically shown that popular
estimators for learning to defer parameterized with softmax provide unbounded
estimates for the likelihood of deferring which makes them uncalibrated.
However, it remains unknown whether this is due to the widely used softmax
parameterization and if we can find a softmax-based estimator that is both
statistically consistent and possesses a valid probability estimator. In this
work, we first show that the cause of the miscalibrated and unbounded estimator
in prior literature is due to the symmetric nature of the surrogate losses used
and not due to softmax. We then propose a novel statistically consistent
asymmetric softmax-based surrogate loss that can produce valid estimates
without the issue of unboundedness. We further analyze the non-asymptotic
properties of our method and empirically validate its performance and
calibration on benchmark datasets.Comment: NeurIPS 202
On the Importance of Feature Separability in Predicting Out-Of-Distribution Error
Estimating the generalization performance is practically challenging on
out-of-distribution (OOD) data without ground truth labels. While previous
methods emphasize the connection between distribution difference and OOD
accuracy, we show that a large domain gap not necessarily leads to a low test
accuracy. In this paper, we investigate this problem from the perspective of
feature separability, and propose a dataset-level score based upon feature
dispersion to estimate the test accuracy under distribution shift. Our method
is inspired by desirable properties of features in representation learning:
high inter-class dispersion and high intra-class compactness. Our analysis
shows that inter-class dispersion is strongly correlated with the model
accuracy, while intra-class compactness does not reflect the generalization
performance on OOD data. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of
our method in both prediction performance and computational efficiency
Syntropic spin alignment at the interface between ferromagnetic and superconducting nitrides
The magnetic correlations at the superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) interfaces
play a crucial role in realizing dissipation-less spin-based logic and memory
technologies, such as triplet-supercurrent spin-valves and "{\pi}" Josephson
junctions. Here we report the coexistence of an induced large magnetic moment
and a crypto ferromagnetic state at high-quality nitride S/F interfaces. Using
polarized neutron reflectometry and d. c. SQUID measurements, we quantitatively
determined the magnetization profile of S/F bilayer and confirmed the induced
magnetic moment in the adjacent superconductor only exists below TC.
Interestingly, the direction of the induced moment in the superconductors was
unexpectedly parallel to that in the ferromagnet, which contrasts with earlier
findings in S/F heterostructures based on metals or oxides. The
first-principles calculations verify the observed unusual interfacial spin
texture is caused by the Heisenberg direct exchange coupling through d orbital
overlapping and severe charge transfer across the interfaces. Our work
establishes an incisive experimental probe for understanding the magnetic
proximity behavior at S/F interfaces and provides a prototype epitaxial
building block for superconducting spintronics.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, supplementary file with 14 figure
Intraoperative device closure of atrial septal defects in the Older Population
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>This study sought to prove the safety and feasibility of intraoperative device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) with transthoracic minimal invasion in the older patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From January 2006 to December 2009, 47 patients aged 50 years or more and suffered from atrial septal defect were enrolled in our institution. Patients were divided into two groups, 27 of which in group I with intraoperative device closure and the other 20 in group II with surgical closure. In group I, the method involved a minimal intercostal incision, which was performed after full evaluation of the atrial septal defect by transthoracic echocardiography, and the insertion of the device through the delivery sheath to occlude the atrial septal defect.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In group I, implantation was ultimately successful in all patients. The complete closure rate at 24 hours and 1 year were 81.5% and 100% respectively. In 6 of 27 patients, minor complications occurred: transient arrhythmia (n = 5) and blood transfusion (n = 3). In group II, all patients were closured successfully; almost all of them needed blood transfusion and suffered from various minor complications though. During a follow-up period of 1 to 5 years, no residual shunt, noticeable mitral regurgitation, significant arrhythmias, thrombosis, or device failure were found. In our comparative studies, group II had significantly longer ICU stay and hospital stay than group I (p < 0.05). The cost of group I was less than that of group II(p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Minimally invasive transthoracic device closure of the atrial septal defect at advanced age with a domestically made device without cardiopulmonary bypass is safe and feasible under transthoracic echocardiographic guidance. It was cost-savings, yielding better cosmetic results and leaving fewer traumas than surgical closure. Early and mid-term results are encouraging. However, it is necessary to evaluate the long-term results.</p
To compare the efficacy of two kinds of Zhizhu pills in the treatment of functional dyspepsia of spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome:a randomized group sequential comparative trial
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, functional dyspepsia (FD) can be divided into different syndromes according to different clinical symptoms and signs, and the most common one is spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome that can be treated by Chinese traditional patent medicine ---- two kinds of Zhizhu pills, between which the primary difference in ingredients is that one contains immature orange fruit of Citrus aurantium L.(IFCA) and the other contains that of Citrus sinensis Osbeck (IFCS). The trial's objective was to compare the efficacy of two kinds of Zhizhu pills on symptom changes in patients with FD of spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A randomized, group sequential, double-blinded, multicenter trial was conducted in patients with FD of spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome at 3 hospitals in Beijing between June 2003 and May 2005. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups (IFCA group and IFCS group) in a 1:1 ratio, and respectively took one of the two kinds of Zhizhu pills orally, 6 g each time, 3 times a day, for 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed with use of a group sequential method, the triangular test (TT).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 163 patients were randomized, and 3 patients were excluded from analysis because of early dropouts, leaving 160 patients (IFCA group: n = 82; IFCS group: n = 78) for statistical analysis. Three interim analyses were done after 62, 116, and 160 patients had completed their 4-week treatment, respectively. At the third interim analysis, the sample path crossed the upper boundary and the trial was stopped, the cure-markedly effective rates were 45% for IFCS group and 67% for IFCA group, respectively, the one-sided <it>p</it>-value was 0.0036, the median unbiased estimate of the odds ratio (OR) for the benefit of IFCA relative to IFCS was 2.91 with 95%CI: 1.40 to 6.06.</p> <p>No adverse events were observed in the two groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Zhizhu pills containing IFCA was superior to Zhizhu pills containing IFCS in the treatment of FD of spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome. The application of group sequential analysis in clinical trials of TCM may offer some financial and ethical benefits.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): ChiCTR-TRC-00000485</p
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