Star Formation Properties in Barred Galaxies(SFB). III. Statistical Study of Bar-driven Secular Evolution using a sample of nearby barred spirals

Stellar bars are important internal drivers of secular evolution in disk galaxies. Using a sample of nearby spiral galaxies with weak and strong bars, we explore the relationships between the star formation feature and stellar bars in galaxies. We find that galaxies with weak bars tend to be coincide with low concentrical star formation activity, while those with strong bars show a large scatter in the distribution of star formation activity. We find enhanced star formation activity in bulges towards stronger bars, although not predominantly, consistent with previous studies. Our results suggest that different stages of the secular process and many other factors may contribute to the complexity of the secular evolution. In addition, barred galaxies with intense star formation in bars tend to have active star formation in their bulges and disks, and bulges have higher star formation densities than bars and disks, indicating the evolutionary effects of bars. We then derived a possible criterion to quantify the different stages of bar-driven physical process, while future work is needed because of the uncertainties.Comment: 30 single-column pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A

Controlling Chaos in a Neural Network Based on the Phase Space Constraint

The chaotic neural network constructed with chaotic neurons exhibits very rich dynamic behaviors and has a nonperiodic associative memory. In the chaotic neural network, however, it is dicult to distinguish the stored patters from others, because the states of output of the network are in chaos. In order to apply the nonperiodic associative memory into information search and pattern identication, etc, it is necessary to control chaos in this chaotic neural network. In this paper, the phase space constraint method focused on the chaotic neural network is proposed. By analyzing the orbital of the network in phase space, we chose a part of states to be disturbed. In this way, the evolutional spaces of the strange attractors are constrained. The computer simulation proves that the chaos in the chaotic neural network can be controlled with above method and the network can converge in one of its stored patterns or their reverses which has the smallest Hamming distance with the initial state of the network. The work claries the application prospect of the associative dynamics of the chaotic neural network

2,2′-{[4,6-Bis(octyl­amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]aza­nedi­yl}diethanol

In the title compound, C23H46N6O2, the two hy­droxy groups are located on opposite sides of the triazine ring. One of the hy­droxy groups links with the triazine N atom via an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. Inter­molecular O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is observed in the crystal structure. π–π stacking is also observed between parallel triazine rings of adjacent mol­ecules, the centroid–centroid distance being 3.5944 (14) Å

Optical loss compensation in a bulk left-handed metamaterial by the gain in quantum dots

A bulk left-handed metamaterial with fishnet structure is investigated to show the optical loss compensation via surface plasmon amplification, with the assistance of a Gaussian gain in PbS quantum dots. The optical resonance enhancement around 200 THz is confirmed by the retrieval method. By exploring the dependence of propagation loss on the gain coefficient and metamaterial thickness, we verify numerically that the left-handed response can endure a large propagation thickness with ultralow and stable loss under a certain gain coefficient.Comment: 6 pages with 4 figure

catena-Poly[[[[N′-(4-cyano­benzyl­idene)nicotinohydrazide]silver(I)]-μ-[N′-4-cyano­benzyl­idene)nicotinohydrazide]] hexa­fluoridoarsenate]

In the title compound, {[Ag(C14H10N4O)2]AsF6}n, the AgI ion is coordinated by two N atoms from two different pyridyl rings and one N atom from one carbonitrile group of three different N′-(4-cyano­benzyl­idene)nicotinohydrazide ligands in a distorted T-shaped geometry. The Ag—Ncarbonitrile bond distance is significant longer than those of Ag—Npyrid­yl. The bond angles around the AgI atom are also not in line with those in an ideal T-shaped geometry. One type of ligand acts as the bridge that connects AgI atoms into chains along [01]. These chains are linked to each other via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and Ag⋯O inter­actions with an Ag⋯O separation of 2.869 (2) Å. In addition, the [AsF6]− counter-anions are linked to the hydrazone groups through N—H⋯F hydrogen bonds. Four of the F atoms of the [AsF6]− anion are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.732 (9) and 0.268 (9)

Ameliorating Adriamycin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats by Orally Administrated Cardiotoxin from Naja naja atra

Previous studies reported the oral administration of Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) reduced adriamycin-induced chronic kidney damage. This study investigated the effects of intragastric administrated cardiotoxin from Naja naja atra venom on chronic kidney disease in rats. Wistar rats were injected with adriamycin (ADR; 6 mg/kg body weight) via the tail vein to induce chronic kidney disease. The cardiotoxin was administrated daily by intragastric injection at doses of 45, 90, and 180 μg/kg body weight until the end of the protocol. The rats were placed in metabolic cages for 24 hours to collect urine, for determination of proteinuria, once a week. After 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed to determine serum profiles relevant to chronic kidney disease, including albumin, total cholesterol, phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine. Kidney histology was examined with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Masson’s trichrome staining. The levels of kidney podocin were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. We found that cardiotoxin reduced proteinuria and can improve biological parameters in the adriamycin-induced kidney disease model. Cardiotoxin also reduced adriamycin-induced kidney pathology, suggesting that cardiotoxin is an active component of NNAV for ameliorating adriamycin-induced kidney damage and may have a potential therapeutic value on chronic kidney disease

Study on Intelligent Recommendation Method of Dueling Network Reinforcement Learning Based on Regret Exploration

In recent years,the application of deep reinforcement learning in recommendation system has attracted much attention.Based on the existing research,this paper proposes a new recommendation model RP-Dueling,which is based on the deep reinforcement learning Dueling-DQN algorithm,and adds the regret exploration mechanism to make the algorithm adaptively and dynamically adjust the proportion of “exploration-utilization” according to the training degree.The algorithm can capture users’ dynamic interest and fully explore the action space in the recommendation system with large-scale state space.By testing the proposed algorithm model on multiple data sets,the optimal average results of MAE and RMSE are 0.16 and 0.43 respectively,which are 0.48 and 0.56 higher than the current optimal research results.Experimental results show that the proposed model is superior to the existing traditional recommendation model and recommendation model based on deep reinforcement learning

Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4, Tumor Necrosis Factor- Alpha, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Effects of Benazepril in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Objectives The study aims to explore the relationship between expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on peripheral blood monocytes, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS), and to investigate the possible mechanisms of Benazepril stabilizing atherosclerosis plaques. Methods 70 patients selected were randomly divided into Benazepril treatment group (35 patients) and regular treatment group (35 patients). Meanwhile, Stable angina pectoris (SAP) group of 32 patients and control group of 22 patients were also set up. With the help of flow-cytometry, expressions of TLR4 on peripheral blood monocytes of the four groups were analyzed and compared to show differences, correlations and changes of the above mentioned indicators. The concentration of TNF-α and MMP-9 in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1) Expressions of TLR4, levels of TNF-α and MMP-9 were increased and the rate was rising from the control group, to SAP group and then to ACS group. All these indicators in ACS group are significantly higher than those in other groups ( P 0.05) while they all fell after treatment ( P < 0.05). In addition, all the indicators decreased more greatly than the regular treatment group. Conclusions TLR4 on peripheral blood monocytes and serum TNF-α and MMP-9 in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis disease may be effective markers of the vulnerable plaque. Benazepril can inhibit over-expression of TLR4 and reduce serum levels of TNF-α and MMP-9, thus stabilize the vulnerable plaques and improve the condition of the patients with ACS