Exploring the Trade-Offs: Unified Large Language Models vs Local Fine-Tuned Models for Highly-Specific Radiology NLI Task

Recently, ChatGPT and GPT-4 have emerged and gained immense global attention due to their unparalleled performance in language processing. Despite demonstrating impressive capability in various open-domain tasks, their adequacy in highly specific fields like radiology remains untested. Radiology presents unique linguistic phenomena distinct from open-domain data due to its specificity and complexity. Assessing the performance of large language models (LLMs) in such specific domains is crucial not only for a thorough evaluation of their overall performance but also for providing valuable insights into future model design directions: whether model design should be generic or domain-specific. To this end, in this study, we evaluate the performance of ChatGPT/GPT-4 on a radiology NLI task and compare it to other models fine-tuned specifically on task-related data samples. We also conduct a comprehensive investigation on ChatGPT/GPT-4's reasoning ability by introducing varying levels of inference difficulty. Our results show that 1) GPT-4 outperforms ChatGPT in the radiology NLI task; 2) other specifically fine-tuned models require significant amounts of data samples to achieve comparable performance to ChatGPT/GPT-4. These findings demonstrate that constructing a generic model that is capable of solving various tasks across different domains is feasible

Enhanced corrosion protection by Al surface immobilization of in-situ grown layered double hydroxide films co-intercalated with inhibitors and low surface energy species

Abstract(#br)In this work, a novel in-situ grown layered double hydroxide (LDH) film co-intercalated with inhibitors (vanadates) and low surface energy substance (laurates) was immobilized on Al substrates. A long-term monitoring of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) of the various samples in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution demonstrated the synergetic protection of the intercalated two functional species. Meanwhile, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) result of the samples after immersion in NaCl solution for a long time presented the anion-exchange process between vanadates/laurates and chlorides. The synergetic effect of the two species loaded film significantly contributed to the enhanced long-term corrosion protection of aluminum

Surviving ChatGPT in healthcare

At the dawn of of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), the emergence of large language models such as ChatGPT show promise in revolutionizing healthcare by improving patient care, expanding medical access, and optimizing clinical processes. However, their integration into healthcare systems requires careful consideration of potential risks, such as inaccurate medical advice, patient privacy violations, the creation of falsified documents or images, overreliance on AGI in medical education, and the perpetuation of biases. It is crucial to implement proper oversight and regulation to address these risks, ensuring the safe and effective incorporation of AGI technologies into healthcare systems. By acknowledging and mitigating these challenges, AGI can be harnessed to enhance patient care, medical knowledge, and healthcare processes, ultimately benefiting society as a whole

A Lightweight Key Generation Scheme for Secure Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication

Key agreement is one the most essential steps when applying cryptographic techniques to secure device-to-device (D2D) communications. Recently, several PHY-based solutions have been proposed by leveraging the channel gains as a common randomness source for key extraction in wireless networks. However, these schemes usually suffer a low rate of key generation and low entropy of generated key and rely on the mobility of devices. In this paper, a novel secret key extraction protocol is proposed by using interference in wireless D2D fading channel. It establishes symmetrical keys for two wireless devices by measuring channel gains and utilizing artificial jamming sent by the third party to change the measured value of channel gains. We give a theoretically reachable key rate of the proposed scheme from the viewpoint of the information theory. It shows that the proposed scheme can make hundred times performance gain than the existing approaches theoretically. Experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve a secure key distribution with a higher key rate and key entropy compared with the existing schemes

The Corrosion Behavior of Mg5Y in Nominally Distilled Water

This paper studies the macro and micro corrosion of Mg5Y in nominally distilled water. The Y-containing corrosion product film formed on the alloy surface provides some protection for the Mg matrix to the galvanic corrosion caused by Y-containing second-phase particles. In some cases, there is no corrosion of the matrix surrounding most of the second phase particles. However, about 2% of the second-phase particles in the as-cast Mg5Y causes micro-galvanic corrosion, resulting in 'bump' or 'volcano' shaped corrosion product deposit. These 'active particles' cannot be significantly reduced by solution-heat-treatment

The inhibitive effect of artificial seawater on magnesium corrosion

The corrosion behavior of pure magnesium (Mg) immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl and artificial seawater is evaluated by immersion test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curve, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and corrosion morphology analysis. The results show that the corrosion rate of the pure Mg in the artificial seawater is nearly a half of that in the 3.5 wt% NaCl, and the serious localized corrosion of Mg in the NaCl is inhibited in the artificial seawater. The main constituents MgCl and NaSO in artificial seawater are found to be inhibitive for the corrosion of Mg. The presence of Mg ions could facilitate the formation of Mg(OH) film and thus to some extent retard the dissolution of Mg. The SO ions in the artificial seawater might be absorbed competitively against Cl on the Mg surface to retard the corrosion of Mg. The corrosive and inhibitive effects of other anions and cations on Mg dissolution in the artificial seawater were also briefly analyzed

Review of the atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloys

Mg atmospheric corrosion is induced by a thin surface aqueous layer. Controlling factors are microgalvanic acceleration between different phases, protection by a continuous second phase distribution, protection by corrosion products, and degradation of protective layers by aggressive species such as chloride ions. The Mg atmospheric corrosion rate increases with relative humidity (RH) and concentrations of aggressive species. Temperature increases the corrosion rate unless a protective film causes a decrease. O, SO and NO accelerate the atmospheric corrosion rate, whereas the corrosion rate is decreased by CO. The traditional gravimetric method can evaluate effectively the corrosion behavior of Mg alloys

Sec-D2D: A secure and lightweight D2D communication system with multiple sensors

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is a promising method for the emerging Internet of Things. Secure information exchange plays a key role in the application of D2D communication. Considering that the wireless devices are powered by batteries, in this paper, a lightweight secure D2D system is designed by using multiple sensors on mobile devices. Specifically, by leveraging an acceleration sensor equipped in two wireless devices, a lightweight and efficient key distribution scheme for secure D2D communication is proposed. Based on the distributed secure key, an efficient near-field authentication is developed with a speaker and a microphone to determine whether these two devices are physically close; and a secure information exchange scheme with high efficiency, which includes message encryption/decryption and message authentication, is presented over the audio channel and the RF channel. The Extensive experiments are provided to demonstrate that our system can achieve a secure information exchange between two wireless devices with low energy consumption and computing resources.Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is a promising method for the emerging Internet of Things. Secure information exchange plays a key role in the application of D2D communication. Considering that the wireless devices are powered by batteries, in this paper, a lightweight secure D2D system is designed by using multiple sensors on mobile devices. Specifically, by leveraging an acceleration sensor equipped in two wireless devices, a lightweight and efficient key distribution scheme for secure D2D communication is proposed. Based on the distributed secure key, an efficient near-field authentication is developed with a speaker and a microphone to determine whether these two devices are physically close; and a secure information exchange scheme with high efficiency, which includes message encryption/decryption and message authentication, is presented over the audio channel and the RF channel. The Extensive experiments are provided to demonstrate that our system can achieve a secure information exchange between two wireless devices with low energy consumption and computing resources