A BIPV/T System Design Based on Simulation and its Application in Integrated Heating System

AbstractIn order to better master the internal airflow distribution characteristics of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collector on air source heat pump (ASHP) system heating performance, CFD software was applied in studying the building-integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPV/T) sys-tem. A mathematical model of BIPV/T and ASHP integrated heating system was established. Numerical simulation of the system was conducted based on the typical meteorological data in Shenyang area. The influence of the inlet and outlet velocity, internal flow field distribution and temperature field distribution of the BIPV/T system were analyzed on the system thermal efficiency. The relationship between optimal COP and the inlet and outlet velocity of ASHP system was studied. The optimal inlet velocity of the BIPV/T – ASHP integrated system was determined to be 4 m/s, and the COP reached 4.6

Pre-Existing HCV Variants Resistant to DAAs and Their Sensitivity to PegIFN/RBV in Chinese HCV Genotype 1b Patients

<div><p>Background</p><p>The efficacy of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) could be attenuated by the presence of resistance-associated variants (RAVs). The aim of this study was to investigate the natural prevalence of RAVs among Chinese HCV genotype 1b patients and analyze the efficacy of pegylated interferon (PegIFN)/ribavirin (RBV) therapy in patients with and without RAVs at baseline.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Direct sequencing of the HCV NS3, NS5A and NS5B regions was performed in baseline serum samples of 117 DAAs-naïve subjects infected with HCV genotype 1b. The efficacy of PegIFN/RBV therapy in patients with and without RAVs at baseline was analyzed by comparing the response rates between patients with RAVs and patients with wild type virus.</p><p>Results</p><p>The incidence of RAVs was 8.00% (8/100) in the NS3 region (T54S, n = 1, 1.00%; R117H, n = 5, 5.00%; S122T, n = 1, 1.00%; S174F, n = 1, 1.00%), 29.91% (32/107) in the NS5A region (L28M, n = 12, 11.21%; R30Q, n = 10, 9.35%; L31M, n = 1, 0.93%; P58S, n = 4, 3.74%; Y93H, n = 8, 7.48%) and 98.15% (106/108) in the NS5B region (L159F, n = 1, 0.93%; C316N, n = 103, 95.37%; A421V, n = 6, 5.56%). The response rates to PegIFN/RBV treatment did not differ between patients with or without RAVs in the NS5A region.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Pre-existing RAVs, including key RAVs, were detected in Chinese DAAs-naïve patients infected with HCV genotype 1b. IFN-based therapy could be a good option for patients with RAVs, especially key RAVs, at baseline.</p></div

Virological responses to PR therapy in patients with and without RAVs in the NS5A region.

<p>Treatment response to PR such as RVR, EVR, complete EVR and SVR rates did not differ between patients with RAVs and patients with the wild type virus after stratification by IL28B genotype TT.</p

Prevalence of NS3 Protease Inhibitor Resistance Mutations in Genotype 1b Patients.

<p>Prevalence of NS3 Protease Inhibitor Resistance Mutations in Genotype 1b Patients.</p

Amplification and Sequencing Primers for HCV NS3, NS5A and NS5B in Genotype 1b Patients.

<p>Amplification and Sequencing Primers for HCV NS3, NS5A and NS5B in Genotype 1b Patients.</p

Prevalence of NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations in Genotype 1b Patients.

<p>Prevalence of NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations in Genotype 1b Patients.</p

Prevalence of NS5A Inhibitor Resistance Mutations in Genotype 1b Patients.

<p>Prevalence of NS5A Inhibitor Resistance Mutations in Genotype 1b Patients.</p