Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of mosses (Tortula muralis Hedw., Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob., Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., and Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb.) from Turkey

The essential oils of mosses [Tortula muralis Hedw. (Pottiaceae), Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob. (Brachytheciaceae), Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. (Hypnaceae), and Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. (Mniaceae)] were investigated by means of GC-FID/MS techniques. The major components were nonanal (18.3%) and tetradecanol (4.3%) in the oil of T. muralis, nonanal (36.8%) and tricosane (6.5%) in the oil of H. lutescens, nonanal (12.5%) and 2 E-tetradecen-1-ol (6.9%) in the oil of H. cupressiforme, and nonanal (7.8%) and 2 E-tetradecen-1-ol (7.1%) in the oil of P. nutans. The essential oils of T. muralis, H. lutescens, H. cupressiforme, and P. nutans were rich as in non-terpenoid components as aldehydes (26.9%, 50.9%, 15.6%, and 33.4%, respectively) and in terpenoid components as sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (6.7%, 11.0%, 12.7%, and 15.3%, respectively). The amounts and the numbers of terpenoids present in the investigated mosses are generally smaller than those in non-terpenoids. The isolated essential oils of T. muralis, H. lutescens, H. cupressiforme, and P. nutan were tested for antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus, and the fungi Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a maximum essential oil concentration of 27, 000-65, 000 ?g/mL in hexane, respectively, and they showed antimicrobial activity only against the fungi. © TÜBITAK

Essential oil analysis and antimicrobial activity of neckera complanata (Hedw.) huebener and neckera crispa Hedw. (Neckeraceae) grown in Turkey

In this work, the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener and Neckera crispa Hedw (Neckeraceae) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-one compounds in the oil of N. complanata, representing 71.61 % and forty-two compounds in the oil of N. crispa, representing 82.12 %, were identified. The essential oil of N. crispa was rich in terpenes (58.68 %) with ?-phellandrene (20.00 %), camphene (10.36 %), ?-bisabolene-E (5.51 %) and ?-pinene (3.49 %) as the major components, respectively. 3-Octanone (22.26 %) and limonene (2.97 %) were the major constituents of the essential oil of N. complanata. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated essential oils of the mosses were also investigated. The essential oil of N. complanata showed only moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus with 576 ?g/mL (each). But all the oils showed good antimycotic activity against Candida albicans with in the range of 573-576 ?g/mL, respectively. The aim of this work was to characterize the variation in the essential oil composition of N. complanata and N. crispa grown in Turkey and to identify environmental factors associated with differences in essential oil composition as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial activity

Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oils of mosses (Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. and Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr.) growing in Turkey

In the present work, the volatiles of mosses [Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. (Hylocomiaceae) and Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. (Leucodontaceae)] have been investigated by GC-FID and GC/MS. Fifty-eight compounds in the oil of H. splendens, representing 75.4%, and 41 compounds in the oil of L. sciuroides, representing 87.6%, were identified. The major components were found to be ? -pinene (11.6%) and a-pinene (8.9%) in the oil of H. splendens, and nonanal (26.8%) and heptanal (13.7%) in the oil of L. sciuroides. The essential oil of H. splendens was rich in monoterpenes (30.8%), and aldehydes (49.9%) were the major constituents in the oil of L. sciuroides. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated essential oils of the mosses were also investigated. The essential oil of H. splendens showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the fungus Candida albicans with minimum inhibition concentrations in the range of 428-857 ?g/mL, respectively. The oil of L. sciuroides only showed activity against fungus C. albicans (711 ?g/mL). © TÜBITAK

Microwave assisted essential oil analysis and antimicrobial activity of M. alpestris subsp. alpestris

The present work describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Myosotis alpestris F.W. Schmidt subsp. alpestris (Boraginaceae). The essential oil was obtained from all parts of the plant by microwave distillation and analyzed by GCFID and GC-MS. Forty-seven components representing 88.2 % of the total oil were characterized and the main components of this species were found to be n-nonanal (11.8 %), decanal (10.8 %), n-octanal (10.7 %), hexahydrofanesyl acetone (6.6 %), o-cymene (3.9 %), tetradecanal (3.7 %), eicosanol (2.2 %) and E-?-farnesene (2.0 %). The isolated essential oils of M. alpestris subsp. alpestris was tested for antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis and the fungus Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at maximum essential oil concentration in hexane of 1000 ?g/mL and they showed only antibacterial activity against fungus bacteria