108 research outputs found
WHITE PAPER: Environmental Scan for DataONE
This environmental scan (conducted by the U&AWG in fall 2018) features a multi-faceted analysis of projects/initiatives in the DataONE space. This report (1) provides context by identifying organizations in the data space; (2) analyzes those organizations most similar to DataONE regarding key services and products; and (3) explores the data training/education environment. As appropriate, the report offers key insights derived from the analysis
Structure of Spherulites in Insulin, β-Lactoglobulin, and Amyloid β
Under denaturing
conditions such as low pH and elevated temperatures,
proteins in vitro can misfold and aggregate to form long rigid rods
called amyloid fibrils; further self-assembly can lead to larger structures
termed spherulites. Both of these aggregates resemble amyloid tangles
and plaques associated with Alzheimerâs disease in vivo. The
ability to form such aggregates in a multitude of different proteins
suggests that it is a generic ability in their mechanism to form.
Little is known about the structure of these large spherulites ranging
from 5 to 100 microns and whether they can reproducibly form in amyloid
β (1-40) (Aβ40), a 40-amino acid residue peptide, which
is one of the major components of Alzheimerâs amyloid deposits.
Here, we show that spherulites can readily form in Aβ40 under
certain monomerization and denaturing conditions. Using polarized
and nonpolarized Raman spectroscopy, we analyzed the secondary structure
of spherulites formed from three different proteins: insulin, β-lactoglobulin
(BLG), and Aβ40. Visually, these spherulites have a characteristic
âMaltese Crossâ structure under crossed polarizers through
an optical microscope. However, our results indicate that insulin
and Aβ40 spherulites have similar core structures consisting
mostly of random coils with radiating fibrils, whereas BLG mostly
contains β-sheets and fibrils that are likely to be spiraling
from the core to the edge
A Thioacetal Photocage Designed for Dual Release: Application in the Quantitation of Therapeutic Release by Synchronous Reporter Decaging
Despite the immense potential of existing photocaging technology, its application is limited by the paucity of advanced caging tools. Here, we report on the design of a novel thioacetal orthoânitrobenzaldehyde (TNB) dual arm photocage that enabled control of the simultaneous release of two payloads linked to a single TNB unit. By using this cage, which was prepared in a single step from commercial 6ânitroverataldehyde, three drugâfluorophore conjugates were synthesized: TaxolâTNBâfluorescein, TaxolâTNBâcoumarin, and doxorubicinâTNBâcoumarin, and longâwavelength UVA lightâtriggered release experiments demonstrated that dual payload release occurred with rapid decay kinetics for each conjugate. In cellâbased assays performed in vitro, dual release could also be controlled by UV exposure, resulting in increased cellular fluorescence and cytotoxicity with potency equal to that of unmodified drug towards the KB carcinoma cell line. The extent of such dual release was quantifiable by reporter fluorescence measured in situ and was found to correlate with the extent of cytotoxicity. Thus, this novel dual arm cage strategy provides a valuable tool that enables both active control and realâtime monitoring of drug activation at the delivery site.Binary photocage: An orthoânitrobenzaldehydeâderived dual arm photocage was developed for realâtime monitoring of the simultaneous release of two payloads linked to a single cage unit. Lightâcontrolled uncaging of the drugâfluorophore conjugate resulted in increased cellular fluorescence, which was found to correlate with cytotoxicity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135367/1/cbic201600494.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135367/2/cbic201600494-sup-0001-misc_information.pd
Assessment, Usability, and Sociocultural Impacts of DataONE
DataONE, funded from 2009-2019 by the U.S. National Science Foundation, is an early example of a large-scale project that built both a cyberinfrastructure and culture of data discovery, sharing, and reuse. DataONE used a Working Group model, where a diverse group of participants collaborated on targeted research and development activities to achieve broader project goals. This article summarizes the work carried out by two of DataONEâs working groups: Usability & Assessment (2009-2019) and Sociocultural Issues (2009-2014). The activities of these working groups provide a unique longitudinal look at how scientists, librarians, and other key stakeholders engaged in convergence research to identify and analyze practices around research data management through the development of boundary objects, an iterative assessment program, and reflection. Members of the working groups disseminated their findings widely in papers, presentations, and datasets, reaching international audiences through publications in 25 different journals and presentations to over 5,000 people at interdisciplinary venues. The working groups helped inform the DataONE cyberinfrastructure and influenced the evolving data management landscape. By studying working groups over time, the paper also presents lessons learned about the working group model for global large-scale projects that bring together participants from multiple disciplines and communities in convergence research
First Detector Guide to Invasive Insects
This is a guide to help first detectors identify invasive insects, including biology, identification, and monitoring
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