The Coulomb interaction and the inverse Faddeev-Popov operator in QCD

We give a proof of a local relation between the inverse Faddeev-Popov operator and the non-Abelian Coulomb interaction between color charges

Experimental study on solidification/stabilization of Cr in stainless steel pickling sludge by high temperature roasting process

For stainless steel pickling sludge (SSPS) produced in a stainless steel factory in southeast China, Fly ash (FA) and waste glass (WG) were used as solidification/stabilization (S/S) agents to conduct high-temperature roasting experiments on S/S of Cr in SSPS, respectively. The effects of roasting temperature and S/S agent dosage on the S/S of Cr were studied. The results show that both FA and WG can take positive way to S/S. By adding 25 % of FA to SSPS at roasting temperature of 1 500 °C, the Cr leaching concentration of S/S products can decrease to 0,63 ppm. As for WG as S/S agent, the Cr leaching concentration of the product can be reduced to 0,45ppm when the dosage is 20 % and the roasting temperature is 1 400 °C,. Considering the dosage and roasting temperature, WG is suggested as a better S/S agent

Study on distribution of sulfur element in blast furnace (BF) process with different pellet proportions

In this study, a series of BF smelting industrial tests were conducted with different proportions of pellet in ironbearing materials in a 450 m3 BF in Hebei, China. The results showed that with increasing proportion of pellet, total sulfur(S) input amount of the raw materials in BF iron-making process decreased after a slight increase. The sulfur input of pellets increased while that of sinter, coke and coal tended to decrease. On the other hand, the quantity and proportion of sulfur element in BF gas had a small rise while those in BF slag did not change much, and the quantity of sulfur in BF dust and iron remained relatively stable. The result revealed that increasing the pellet proportion will not affect the quality of pig iron (PI), but also can reduce the sulfur load of BF

Comparison of the ultrafast to slow time scale dynamics of three liquid crystals in the isotropic phase

The dynamics of three liquid crystals, 4'(pentyloxy)-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5-OCB), 4'-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5-CB), and 1-isothiocyanato-(4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene (3-CHBT), are investigated from very short time (~1 ps) to very long time (>100 ns) as a function of temperature using optical heterodyne detected optical Kerr effect experiments. For all three liquid crystals, the data decay exponentially only on the longest time scale (>several ns). The temperature dependence of the long time scale exponential decays is described well by the Landau-de Gennes theory of the randomization of pseudonematic domains that exist in the isotropic phase of liquid crystals near the isotropic to nematic phase transition. At short time, all three liquid crystals display power law decays. Over the full range of times, the data for all three liquid crystals are fit with a model function that contains a short time power law. The power law exponents for the three liquid crystals range between 0.63 and 0.76, and the power law exponents are temperature independent over a wide range of temperatures. Integration of the fitting function gives the empirical polarizability-polarizability (orientational) correlation function. A preliminary theoretical treatment of collective motions yields a correlation function that indicates that the data can decay as a power law at short times. The power law component of the decay reflects intradomain dynamics

Liquid crystal dynamics in the isotropic phase

The dynamics in the isotropic phase of the liquid crystal 1-isothiocyanato-(4-propylcyclohexyl) benzene (3-CHBT) are investigated from very short time (~1 ps) to very long time (>100 ns) as function of temperature. The data decay exponentially only on the longest time scale (>10 ns). The temperature dependence of the long time scale exponential decays is described well by the Landau-de Gennes theory of the randomization of pseudo-nematic domains that exist in the isotropic phase of liquid crystals near the isotropic to nematic phase transition. Over the full range of times, the data are fit with a model function that contains a short time power law. The power law exponent is temperature independent over a wide range of temperatures. Integration of the function gives the empirical polarizability-polarizability (orientational) correlation function. A preliminary theoretical treatment of collective motions yields a correlation function that indicates that the data can decay as a power law at short times. The power law component of the decay reflects intradomain dynamics

Absence of the London limit for the first-order phase transition to a color superconductor

We study the effects of gauge-field fluctuations on the free energy of a homogeneous color superconductor in the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase. Gluonic fluctuations induce a strong first-order phase transition, in contrast to electronic superconductors where this transition is weakly first order. The critical temperature for this transition is larger than the one corresponding to the diquark pairing instability. The physical reason is that the gluonic Meissner masses suppress long-wavelength fluctuations as compared to the normal conducting phase where gluons are massless, which stabilizes the superconducting phase. In weak coupling, we analytically compute the temperatures associated with the limits of metastability of the normal and superconducting phases, as well as the latent heat associated with the first-order phase transition. We then extrapolate our results to intermediate densities and numerically evaluate the temperature of the fluctuation-induced first-order phase transition, as well as the discontinuity of the diquark condensate at the critical point. We find that the London limit of magnetic interactions is absent in color superconductivity.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Inhomogeneity driven by Higgs instability in gapless superconductor

The fluctuations of the Higgs and pseudo Nambu-Goldstone fields in the 2SC phase with mismatched pairing are described in the nonlinear realization framework of the gauged Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. In the gapless 2SC phase, not only Nambu-Goldstone currents can be spontaneously generated, but the Higgs field also exhibits instablity. The Nambu-Goldstone currents generation indicates the formation of the single plane wave LOFF state and breaks rotation symmetry, while the Higgs instability favors spatial inhomogeneity and breaks translation invariance. In this paper, we focus on the Higgs instability which has not drawn much attention yet. The Higgs instability cannot be removed without a long range force, thus it persists in the gapless superfluidity and induces phase separation. In the case of g2SC state, the Higgs instability can only be partially removed by the electric Coulomb energy. However, it is not excluded that the Higgs instability might be completely removed in the charge neutral gCFL phase by the color Coulomb energy.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

NOx and ultrafine particle emission characteristics in a new steel slag modification device

Two density-separated Chinese coals and steel slag were prepared and then combusted in a modification furnace with different excess air ratio. Non-staged and Fuel-staged combustion experiments were compared under different pulverized coal mixing ratios. Thus, in the fuel-staged combustion experiments, the concentration of NOx in the flue gas was found to greatly decrease under a bitumite: anthracite mixing ratio of 1:1 and an air excess coefficient of 1,2 under the fuel-staged ratio is 15:85. The flue gas temperature was as high as 1 615 °C, while the NOx concentration in the flue gas was as low as 320 mg/m3. Compared with the other types of burners, the experimental combustion device designed herein efficiently reduced the NOx emissions ca. 80%. Fuel-staged combustion has a significant effect on reducing particulate matter (PM) emissions, and a suitable coal ratio was also beneficial for reducing particulate matter emissions