Pedagogy and History: Ujamaa and Learner-Centered Pedagogy in Tanzania

Social issues of today are rooted in history, and the study of contemporary issues would thus benefit from tracing their history. In Tanzania, Nyerere’s ujamaa philosophy and the accompanying education for self-reliance (ESR) policy offer a criterion relevant today in pedagogical analysis. Tanzania is currently implementing learner-centered pedagogy (LCP). This article considers the logic of ujamaa, which ostensibly appears to be compatible with LCP principles, and explores through empirical evidence the consistencies and inconsistencies between ujamaa/ESR, LCP, and the pedagogical approaches valued by present-day teachers. The teachers espoused the idea of self-reliance promoted through ujamaa, implying that pedagogies similar to LCP will produce self-reliant graduates. Instead of forcibly transmitting a universal form of ideal pedagogy, the cultural and historical connection between ujamaa and LCP could suggest appropriate forms of teaching and learning in the Tanzanian context

Examining the psychological wellbeing of refugee children and the role of friendship and bullying

BACKGROUND: Refugee children might have experienced violent and traumatic events before settling into a new country. In the United Kingdom, the number of refugee children is increasing; however, little is known about their psycho-social and physical well-being. AIM: This study aims to investigate the psychological well-being and behaviour of refugee children compared to British-born children on a number of psychological, social, behavioural, and health-related issues and to investigate the role of friendship as a protective factor. SAMPLES: This study utilized a sample of 149 refugee children recruited from two charities, 79 of which are children aged 6-10 years and 70 older refugee children aged 11-16 years. The study also included 120 non-refugee children recruited from primary schools aged 6-10 years. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that investigates the psycho-social well-being of refugee children compared to non-refugee British-born children. The study explored symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, emotional and behavioural problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), self-esteem, friendships and popularity, bullying and victimization, physical health, and psychosomatic problems. RESULTS: Young refugee children reported more peer problems, functional impairment, physical health, and psychosomatic problems compared to the control children and older refugee children groups. On the other hand, older refugee children had lower self-esteem (academic and social self-peers) compared to the younger refugee children group. The differences between the groups were explained by friendship quality, number of friends, peer bullying/victimization, or sibling bullying/victimization except for physical health and psychosomatic problems. CONCLUSIONS: While refugee children were found to be at risk on various levels, the findings also point to the fact that social relationships including friendship quality and number of friends played an essential protective role. Conversely, bullying was a risk factor that explained many of the refugees' problems. These findings pave the way for future research to further probe into the well-being of refugee children in the United Kingdom while also targeting relevant intervention schemes specifically tailored to address their needs

Assembly of Annual Statistical Report and Basic Fact Sheets - 2012

La base de datos CARE reúne los datos desagregados de los accidentes de tránsito y las víctimas de toda Europa , al combinar las bases de datos nacionales sobre accidentes que son mantenidos por todos los estados miembros de la UE . El acceso a la base de datos CARE se limita , sin embargo , por lo que es importante que una amplia gama de publicaciones sobre la base de estos datos sea accesible al público en general . Este proceso se inició en el proyecto SafetyNet que se llevó a cabo entre 2004 y 2008 , y el concepto de la Hoja de Datos Básicos ( BFS ) Hojas de datos básicos y el Informe Anual ( ASR ) se ha desarrollado. En 2008, doce hojas informativas se están preparando anualmente por investigadores de cinco institutos y un informe estadístico . Una de las tareas de Dacota Paquete de Trabajo 3 ha sido la de continuar desarrollando esta área de trabajo . Se han actualizado Estos doce de la BFS y el nuevo contenido se ha añadido . Se han desarrollado de seis nuevos BFS , y se enumeran las de BFS dieciocho a continuación junto con el socio responsable de la preparación de la versión 2012 . Las Hojas Informativas presentan una visión general destacando los principales hechos de un tema específico. Siempre que sea posible , las medidas de riesgo se calculan relacionando el número de víctimas mortales de CARE a los datos de exposición disponibles de otras fuentes. La mayoría de las Hojas Informativas examinaron las tendencias en el período 2001-2010 , con análisis más detallados de los datos de 2010 . Estos socios también trabajaron para elaborar el Informe Estadístico Anual de 2008 , dirigido por KFV . Más recientes datos de accidentes de tráfico de la base de datos CARE, para que más países se incorporaron . El Informe Estadístico Anual consta de un gran número de tablas y figuras con los datos recuperados de la base de datos CARE, sin mayor análisis o comentario . Incluye un glosario con las definiciones de las variables y los valores utilizados en el Informe Estadístico Anual . El Informe Estadístico Anual de 2012 proporciona las características básicas de los accidentes de tráfico en los 26 estados miembros de la Unión Europea y Suiza para el período 2001-2010 , y los datos más detallados para el último año disponible. Se compone de 56 tablas y 26 figuras con la combinación más interesante de los datos de accidentes de tráfico de CARE sobre los principales temas de seguridad vial , dando la descripción general de la situación de la seguridad vial en la UE y el desarrollo de las muertes en los países a través del tiempo . Efectuará un seguimiento de las tendencias utilizando series de tiempo de datos fatales de la década y también analiza los datos sobre muertes y de accidentes fatales para los diferentes atributos relacionados con accidentes como el tiempo , el tipo de zona , la red de carreteras y el modo de transporte.The CARE database brings together the disaggregate details of road accidents and casualties across Europe, by combining the national accident databases that are maintained by all EU member states. Access to the CARE database is restricted, however, so it is important that a comprehensive range of publications based on these data be accessible to the general public. This process was begun in the SafetyNet project that was carried out between 2004 and 2008, and the concept of the Basic Fact Sheet (BFS) Basic Fact Sheets and Annual Statistical Report (ASR) was developed. By 2008, twelve Fact Sheets were being prepared annually by researchers at five institutes and one Statistical Report. One of the tasks of DaCoTA Work Package 3 has been to continue to develop this area of work. These twelve BFS’s have been updated and new content has been added. Six new BFS’s have been developed, and the eighteen BFS’s are listed below together with the partner responsible for the preparation of the 2012 version. The Fact Sheets present an overview highlighting the main facts for a specific topic. Wherever possible, measures of risk are calculated by relating the number of fatalities from CARE to exposure data available from other sources. Most Fact Sheets examined trends over the period 2001-2010, with more detailed analyses of data from 2010. These partners also worked to develop the Annual Statistical Report of 2008, led by KfV. More recent road accident data from the CARE database, for more countries, were incorporated. The Annual Statistical Report consists of a large number of Tables and Figures with data retrieved from the CARE database, without further analysis or comment. It includes a Glossary with the definitions of the variables and values used in the Annual Statistical Report. The Annual Statistical Report of 2012 provides the basic characteristics of road accidents in 26 member states of the European Union and Switzerland for the period 2001-2010, and more detailed data for the last available year. It consists of 56 Tables and 26 Figures with the most interesting combination of CARE road accident data on major road safety topics, giving the overall description of the road safety situation in the EU and the development of fatalities in the countries over time. It monitors trends using time series of fatal data from the decade and also analyses data on fatalities and fatal accidents for different accident-related attributes like time, area type, road network and mode of transport

Border politics, the “hostile environment” for’ migration, and education in the UK

In the age of globalization, states exercise their sovereignty through the control of their physical and material borders. The perceived “migration crisis” of recent years has driven states in the Global North such as the UK, to increasingly fortify their borders, with policies fueled by popular anti-immigration rhetoric and panics around high levels of inward migration. This article documents and examines the power technologies and regimes of immigration practice known as the “hostile environment” as a field of conflict and struggle. The paper draws on Theresa May’s speech as then Home Secretary outlining the “hostile environment,” and news reports and commentaries detailing the enactment of these policy technologies. Of particular interest is the positioning of education within “hostile environment” regimes of practices, where we find the school weaponized for border control purposes. The paper concludes with considering what we as educators should be doing to counteract hostile forces against migrants and migration, so as to create more critical and compassionate individuals

Knitting the Comparative Case Study (CCS) with mixed methods: an attempt to extend the methodological application of CCS

This paper offers a critical analysis of the Comparative Case Study (CCS). While CCS provides a holistic methodological framework for case-based research, it is not free from drawbacks. One criticism the approach may receive, ironically, is the lack of criticism it encounters. Another critique can include its naming, as the name ‘comparative case study’ may not sufficiently represent its vital feature of transversal, vertical and horizontal axes. Lastly, the paper examines the qualitative approach traditionally associated with CCS deriving from its roots in anthropological and ethnography-oriented concepts and methods. We argue that the use of mixed methods can strengthen the CCS approach. This article is intended to stretch out the applicability of CCS through an empirical example with mixed methods on learner-centred pedagogy in Tanzanian primary schools

Pupils' experiences with learner-centred pedagogy in Tanzania

Teachers and pupils co-construct classroom reality, but existing studies examining learner-centred pedagogy (LCP) in the Global South have primarily focused on teachers. Pupils’ experiences with LCP and its contribution to their learning have attracted little scholarly attention. This article seeks to address this gap to some extent by exploring not only teaching and learning practices observed in classrooms but also pupils’ narratives about their experiences in Tanzania. This research utilised focus group discussions with pupils and classroom observations to understand pupils’ perspectives on classroom experiences. Pupils spoke of discussions, group work and pupil-initiated Q&A as their favourite classroom activities; however, classroom observations revealed virtual absence of LCP-related practices. Analysis of pupil–teacher interactions and relationships with teachers indicates pupils’ fear of teachers and their view of the latter as a respected source of knowledge. The paper underscores pupils’ perspectives as a step to make LCP policies truly centre on learners

The social lives of refugee children

Period of award June 1999 to May 2000SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3739.0605(000222952) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Identification and validation of FaP1D7, a putative marker associated with the biosynthesis of methyl butanoate in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)

Breeding strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) with enhanced fruit flavour is one of the top breeding goals of many strawberry-producing countries. Although several genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of key aroma compounds have been identified, the development and application of molecular markers associated with fruit flavour remain limited. This study aims to identify molecular markers closely linked to genes controlling strawberry aroma. A purpose-built Subtracted Diversity Array (SDA) known as Fragaria Discovery Panel (FDP) was used for marker screening. Polymorphic sequences associated with key aroma compounds were identified from two DNA bulks with extreme phenotypes, established using 50 F 1 progeny plants derived from Juliette X 07-102-41 cross, two strawberry genotypes differing in aroma profile. A total of 49 polymorphic markers for eight key aroma compounds were detected using genotypic data of the extreme DNA bulks and phenotypic data obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A similarity search against the physical maps of Fragaria vesca revealed that FaP1D7 is linked to genes potentially involved in the synthesis of methyl butanoate. A C/T SNP was detected within the feature, which could possibly be converted to a molecular tool for rapid screening of the strawberry accessions for their methyl butanoate production capacity

Policy into practice Day care services for children under eight; an evaluation of the implementation of the Children Act 1980

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:OP-96/H / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo