Dielectric Insights into the Microcosmic Behavior of Ionic Liquid-Based Self-AssemblyMicroemulsions/Micelles

Dielectric relaxation spectra of ([Bmim]­[BF₄]/TX-100/<i>p</i>-xylene) microemulsions and ([Bmim]­[BF₄]/TX-100) micelles were measured. A specific dielectric relaxation changing with the concentration of ionic liquids (ILs) was observed in the range of 10⁶–10⁸ Hz. When dielectric parameters were combined with the Einstein displacement equation and Bruggeman’s effective-medium approximation, the interaction between [Bmim]­[BF₄] and <i>p</i>-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenoxypolyoxyethyleneglycol (TX-100) in microemulsions/micelles was presented: because of the electrostatic interaction and van der Waals force, [Bmim]­[BF₄] is bound around the polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains of TX-100, and once the electric field is added, ions of [Bmim]­[BF₄] will move along the PEO chain. The dependence of dielectric and phase parameters such as relaxation time, permittivity, and volume fraction on the mass fraction of ILs presents an evidence for our proposals about the transition of both systems with the increase of IL content. In addition, it was confirmed that percolation is a unique phenomenon in microemulsions and the percolation mechanism here belongs to static percolation. The transition process of micelles with the change of IL content is presented from the dielectric view

Orthorhombic α‑NiOOH Nanosheet Arrays: Phase Conversion and Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Full Water Splitting

The development of efficient and earth-abundant electrocatalysts is essential for water splitting against future renewable energy systems. Generally, NiOOH is considered to play a key role in OER processes in alkaline electrolytes in the Ni-based OER catalysts (such as NiO, NiS, NiSe, and etc.). However, there are rare reports of NiOOH for both OER and HER electrocatalysis. Here, we proposed a facile strategy to obtain the vertically aligned orthorhombic α-NiOOH nanosheet arrays on 3D Ni foam (α-NiOOH/NF). The catalyst exhibited excellent OER activity obtaining 10 mA cm^–2 just affording a low overpotential of 266 mV. The performance was superior to those of the compared samples including Ni₂Cl­(OH)₃ nanosheets on NF, NiO nanosheets on NF, Ni microspheres on NF, Ni foam and even better than the commercial IrO₂ as well as most of the reported OER electrocatalysts in references. Furthermore, the α-NiOOH/NF electrode demonstrated robust durability over a long period with the increase of current density, which was attributed to the phase conversion from α-NiOOH phase to the distorted β-NiOOH phase. Additionally, the prepared orthorhombic α-NiOOH nanosheet arrays also showed the more active electrocatalysis for HER of water splitting than the above comparative samples. The α-NiOOH nanosheets therefore showed a high performance of bifunctional electrocatalysis for full water splitting with the onset potential of 1.66 V

Additional file 1 of Study of myopia progression and risk factors in Hubei children aged 7–10 years using machine learning: a longitudinal cohort

Supplementary Material

Table_4_Development and Utilization of Introgression Lines Using Synthetic Octaploid Wheat (Aegilops tauschii × Hexaploid Wheat) as Donor.xlsx

<p>As the diploid progenitor of common wheat, Aegilops tauschii Cosson (DD, 2n = 2x = 14) is considered to be a promising genetic resource for the improvement of common wheat. In this work, we demonstrated that the efficiency of transferring A. tauschii segments to common wheat was clearly improved through the use of synthetic octaploid wheat (AABBDDDD, 2n = 8x = 56) as a “bridge.” The synthetic octaploid was obtained by chromosome doubling of hybrid F₁ (A. tauschii T015 × common wheat Zhoumai 18). A set of introgression lines (BC₁F₈) containing 6016 A. tauschii segments was developed and displayed significant phenotype variance among lines. Twelve agronomic traits, including growth duration, panicle traits, grain traits, and plant height (PH), were evaluated. And transgressive segregation was identified in partial lines. Additionally, better agronomic traits could be observed in some lines, compared to the recurrent parent Zhoumai 18. To verify that the significant variance of those agronomic traits was supposedly controlled by A. tauschii segments, 14 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three important agronomic traits (thousand kernel weight, spike length, and PH) were further located in the two environments (Huixian and Zhongmou), indicating the introgression of favorable alleles from A. tauschii into common wheat. This study provides an ameliorated strategy to improve common wheat utilizing a single A. tauschii genome.</p

Table_1_Development and Utilization of Introgression Lines Using Synthetic Octaploid Wheat (Aegilops tauschii × Hexaploid Wheat) as Donor.docx

<p>As the diploid progenitor of common wheat, Aegilops tauschii Cosson (DD, 2n = 2x = 14) is considered to be a promising genetic resource for the improvement of common wheat. In this work, we demonstrated that the efficiency of transferring A. tauschii segments to common wheat was clearly improved through the use of synthetic octaploid wheat (AABBDDDD, 2n = 8x = 56) as a “bridge.” The synthetic octaploid was obtained by chromosome doubling of hybrid F₁ (A. tauschii T015 × common wheat Zhoumai 18). A set of introgression lines (BC₁F₈) containing 6016 A. tauschii segments was developed and displayed significant phenotype variance among lines. Twelve agronomic traits, including growth duration, panicle traits, grain traits, and plant height (PH), were evaluated. And transgressive segregation was identified in partial lines. Additionally, better agronomic traits could be observed in some lines, compared to the recurrent parent Zhoumai 18. To verify that the significant variance of those agronomic traits was supposedly controlled by A. tauschii segments, 14 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three important agronomic traits (thousand kernel weight, spike length, and PH) were further located in the two environments (Huixian and Zhongmou), indicating the introgression of favorable alleles from A. tauschii into common wheat. This study provides an ameliorated strategy to improve common wheat utilizing a single A. tauschii genome.</p