1,004 research outputs found

    Measuring Inefficiency in Public Utilities: Does the Distribution Matter?

    Get PDF
    In this paper we describe two of the most used distributions for the inefficiency term in a stochastic frontier: the Half Normal and the Exponential distributions. We then show that both distributions affect the skewness of the composite error term in different ways, which make the Exponential distribution more inclined to identifying a larger number of efficient firms. In order to check these results we perform MOLS and ML, using four databases already used in previous work. We find that the mean efficiency is sensitive to the assumed distribution. In all cases we corroborate that the Exponential distribution identifies a larger number of efficient firms than the Half Normal, as the theory predicted. However, the rankings of firms by efficiency scores were not affected by the choice of distribution.stochastic frontier; efficiency; distribution

    Hodges-Lehmann Optimality for Testing Moment

    Get PDF
    This paper studies the Hodges and Lehmann (1956) optimality of tests in a general setup. The tests are compared by the exponential rates of growth to one of the power functions evaluated at a fixed alternative while keeping the asymptotic sizes bounded by some constant. We present two sets of sufficient conditions for a test to be Hodges-Lehmann optimal. These new conditions extend the scope of the Hodges-Lehmann optimality analysis to setups that cannot be covered by other conditions in the literature. The general result is illustrated by our applications of interest: testing for moment conditions and overidentifying restrictions. In particular, we show that (i) the empirical likelihood test does not necessarily satisfy existing conditions for optimality but does satisfy our new conditions; and (ii) the generalized method of moments (GMM) test and the generalized empirical likelihood (GEL) tests are Hodges-Lehmann optimal under mild primitive conditions. These results support the belief that the Hodges-Lehmann optimality is a weak asymptotic requirement.Asymptotic optimality, Large deviations, Moment condition, Generalized method of moments, Generalized empirical likelihood

    Practical and theoretical advances in inference for partially identified models

    Full text link
    This paper surveys some of the recent literature on inference in partially identified models. After reviewing some basic concepts, including the definition of a partially identified model and the identified set, we turn our attention to the construction of confidence regions in partially identified settings. In our discussion, we emphasize the importance of requiring confidence regions to be uniformly consistent in level over relevant classes of distributions. Due to space limitations, our survey is mainly limited to the class of partially identified models in which the identified set is characterized by a finite number of moment inequalities or the closely related class of partially identified models in which the identified set is a function of a such a set. The latter class of models most commonly arise when interest focuses on a subvector of a vectorvalued parameter, whose values are limited by a finite number of moment inequalities. We then rapidly review some important parts of the broader literature on inference in partially identified models and conclude by providing some thoughts on fruitful directions for future research

    Inference under Covariate-Adaptive Randomization with Multiple Treatments

    Full text link
    This paper studies inference in randomized controlled trials with covariate-adaptive randomization when there are multiple treatments. More specifically, we study inference about the average effect of one or more treatments relative to other treatments or a control. As in Bugni et al. (2018), covariate-adaptive randomization refers to randomization schemes that first stratify according to baseline covariates and then assign treatment status so as to achieve balance within each stratum. In contrast to Bugni et al. (2018), we not only allow for multiple treatments, but further allow for the proportion of units being assigned to each of the treatments to vary across strata. We first study the properties of estimators derived from a fully saturated linear regression, i.e., a linear regression of the outcome on all interactions between indicators for each of the treatments and indicators for each of the strata. We show that tests based on these estimators using the usual heteroskedasticity-consistent estimator of the asymptotic variance are invalid; on the other hand, tests based on these estimators and suitable estimators of the asymptotic variance that we provide are exact. For the special case in which the target proportion of units being assigned to each of the treatments does not vary across strata, we additionally consider tests based on estimators derived from a linear regression with strata fixed effects, i.e., a linear regression of the outcome on indicators for each of the treatments and indicators for each of the strata. We show that tests based on these estimators using the usual heteroskedasticity-consistent estimator of the asymptotic variance are conservative, but tests based on these estimators and suitable estimators of the asymptotic variance that we provide are exact. A simulation study illustrates the practical relevance of our theoretical results.Comment: 33 pages, 8 table

    Modelando el Gas Entregado en Argentina: ¿Cuál es el Mejor Predictor?

    Get PDF
    En el presente trabajo se utilizan tres modelos alternativos para pronosticar las series de gas entregado a los usuarios residenciales y al total de usuarios en Argentina. Los resultados muestran que los modelos de series de tiempo son más adecuados para este fin que los modelos clásicos, no sólo por no necesitar predecir los valores de las variables exógenas, sino porque las evaluaciones del pronóstico los favorecen. Pese a que la mayoría de los modelos presenta persistentemente una subestimación en el período invernal, los errores para el volumen entregado anualmente no superan el 1%.series de gas entregado; Modelo de gas entregado

    Educación y tecnología en México y América Latina. Perspectivas y retos

    Get PDF
    La realitat demogràfica dels països llatinoamericans, amb un nombre creixent de població jove en edat de cursar estudis universitaris, altera els seus espais tradicionals i hi impacta. Això porta les institucions a buscar solucions eficaces; d’aquesta manera, s’ha identificat la tecnologia com una «sortida» per a oferir la formació que aquesta creixent població jove demana. Per aquesta raó, l’educació intervinguda per la tecnologia ha de contribuir a millorar la qualitat de vida dels ciutadans llatinoamericans.En el cas mexicà, i des del 2010, el Sistema Nacional d’Educació a Distància (SINED), sorgit com una iniciativa impulsada des de les universitats interessades a enfortir l’educació intervinguda per les tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació (TIC), explora vies per a la incorporació d’aquestes eines en l’esdevenir universitari mexicà i, per extensió, llatinoamericà.Aquest monogràfic elaborat juntament amb RUSC és part de l’esforç que el SINED fa per avançar en el camí de generar informació, documentació i material de suport per a la comunitat acadèmica que està immersa en l’ús, l’aprenentatge i/o la recerca sobre TIC i innovació educativa. Per a avançar en els objectius fixats, és important donar suport a iniciatives eficaces i experiències consolidades d’ús i aplicacions tecnològiques en els contextos educatius universitaris i difondre-les, i també afavorir l’aparició d’espais oberts als agents de la comunitat educativa per a la difusió i posada en comú de les seves experiències amb les tecnologies sobre educació.With an increasing number of young people reaching university entrance age, the demographic reality of Latin American countries is changing the face of their traditional higher education spaces. The impact is driving institutions to seek effective solutions, and technology has been identified as a ‘way forward’ in terms of offering education to the growing population of young people who want it. Technology-mediated education must therefore help to improve Latin American citizens’ quality of life.In Mexico, and since 2010, the National System of Distance Education (SINED) – an initiative led by universities interested in strengthening education mediated by information and communication technologies (ICTs) – has been exploring ways to incorporate these tools into the evolution of Mexican and, by extension, Latin American universities.This monographic Dossier, produced in conjunction with RUSC. Universities and Knowledge Society Journal, is part of the SINED’s effort to progress towards generating information, documentation and materials to support the academic community involved in ICTs and innovation from a number of angles, including use, learning and research. In order to achieve the objectives set, it is important to support and disseminate effective initiatives in and consolidated experiences of using and applying technologies to university education contexts, and also to foster the emergence of spaces that are open to the agents of the educational community for disseminating and sharing their experiences of technologies in education. La realidad demográfica de los países latinoamericanos, con un número creciente de población joven en edad de cursar estudios universitarios, está alterando sus espacios tradicionales, impactando en ellos. Esto lleva a las instituciones a buscar soluciones eficaces; de este modo, se ha identificado la tecnología como una «salida» para ofrecer la formación que esta creciente población joven demanda. Por tal razón, la educación mediada por la tecnología debe contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos latinoamericanos.En el caso mexicano, y desde 2010, el Sistema Nacional de Educación a Distancia (SINED), surgido como una iniciativa impulsada desde las universidades interesadas en fortalecer la educación mediada por las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC), explora vías para la incorporación de estas herramientas en el devenir universitario mexicano y, por extensión, latinoamericano.El presente monográfico elaborado conjuntamente con RUSC es parte del esfuerzo que SINED realiza para avanzar en el camino de generar información, documentación y material de apoyo para la comunidad académica que está inmersa en el uso, el aprendizaje y/o la investigación en TIC e innovación educativa. Para avanzar en los objetivos fijados, es importante apoyar y difundir iniciativas eficaces y experiencias consolidadas de uso y aplicaciones tecnológicas en los contextos educativos universitarios, así como favorecer la aparición de espacios abiertos a los agentes de la comunidad educativa para la difusión y puesta en común de sus experiencias con las tecnologías en educación.

    UNIVERSITIC LATINOAMÉRICA 2013: descripción y gestión de las TI en las universidades latinoamericanas

    Get PDF
    UNIVERSITIC Latinoamérica 2013 es la primera edición del informe que analiza la situación de las Tecnologías de la Información en las universidades latinoamericanas. Este estudio no se limita a llevar a cabo un inventario de las TI presentes en los campus sino que analiza la situación global de las TI estableciendo una descripción integral de las mismas a partir de un catálogo que contiene tres tipos de indicadores: descripción, gestión y gobierno de las TI. El objetivo principal del informe es ofrecer a los equipos de gobierno de las universidades una información precisa, que desde el punto de vista estratégico, les ayude en la toma de decisiones relacionada con los nuevos proyectos y servicios universitarios basados en TI.OUI-IOHE (Organización Universitaria Interamericana), COLAM (Colegio de las Américas), CRUE-TIC (Comisión Sectorial TIC de la Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades Españolas) y Equipo de Investigación GTI4U

    EU\u27s Common Foreign Policies towards Russia: Past, Present and Future

    Get PDF
    corecore