Human Fibroblast Sheet Promotes Human Pancreatic Islet Survival and Function In Vitro

In previous work, we engineered functional cell sheets using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to promote islet graft survival. In the present study, we hypothesized that a cell sheet using dermal fibroblasts could be an alternative to MSCs, and then we aimed to evaluate the effects of this cell sheet on the functional viability of human islets. Fibroblast sheets were fabricated using temperature-responsive culture dishes. Human islets were seeded onto fibroblast sheets. The efficacy of the fibroblast sheets was evaluated by dividing islets into three groups: the islets-alone group, the coculture with fibroblasts group, and the islet culture on fibroblast sheet group. The ultrastructure of the islets cultured on each fibroblast sheet was examined by electron microscopy. The fibroblast sheet expression of fibronectin (as a component of the extracellular matrix) was quantified by Western blotting. After 3 days of culture, islet viabilities were 70.2 ± 9.8%, 87.4 ± 5.8%, and 88.6 ± 4.5%, and survival rates were 60.3 ± 6.8%, 65.3 ± 3.0%, and 75.8 ± 5.6%, respectively. Insulin secretions in response to high-glucose stimulation were 5.1 ± 1.6, 9.4 ± 3.8, and 23.5 ± 12.4 μIU/islet, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretions were 3.0 ± 0.7, 5.1 ± 1.2, and 7.3 ± 1.0 ng/day, respectively. Islets were found to incorporate into the fibroblast sheets while maintaining a three-dimensional structure and well-preserved extracellular matrix. The fibroblast sheets exhibited a higher expression of fibronectin compared to fibroblasts alone. In conclusion, human dermal fibroblast sheets fabricated by tissue-engineering techniques could provide an optimal substrate for human islets, as a source of cytokines and extracellular matrix

Dynamic quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program to maximize the use of on-site measurement

The use of on-site mobile laboratories at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has increased within the last year to accommodate the diverse analytical requirements of demands for the Environmental Restoration Project (ERP). The purpose of the mobile laboratory is to provide sample results with the appropriate QC components within a near real time (i.e. < 8 hours) to aid in a real time decision process such as determining the extent of contamination and/or where to focus the sampling efforts. To meet the data quality objectives (DQOS) of ERP, a flexible QA/QC program needs to exist. By developing a QA/QC program containing the capability to measure extraction efficiency and instrument sensitivity and by participating in the DQO process, the appropriate QC can easily be tailored to provide quick and inexpensive analytical data while still meeting the project requirements. An QA/QC program, consisting of both static and dynamic elements, can be tailored to meet the ERP objectives

Comparison of Mobile Laboratory screening method for the detection of high explosives with EPA SW 846 method 8330

The current EPA SW-846 method for High Explosives (HE) analysis is not well suited to on-site analytical work. The method in general is too complex and time dependent to function well in a quick turn around mode. The Mobile Chemical Analytical Laboratory project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has used a modified analytical method to generate quick turn around data to address Department of Transportation (DOT) shipping requirements, and with appropriate modifications to the QA/QC oversight of the method is well suited to deliver high quality quantitative data

Protein adsorption properties of OEG monolayers and dense PNIPAM brushed probed with neutron reflectivity

The structure of dense poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes and oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) monolayers has been probed using neutron reflectometry and ellipsometry. The PNIPAM brush is swollen below the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) of 32 {ring operator}C and is collapsed at 37 {ring operator}C. Neutron reflectivity shows that below the LCST, the brush is described by a two-layer model: an inner dense layer and a hydrated outer layer. Above the LCST the collapsed brush forms a homogenous layer. With a fully deuterated myoglobin protein to increase the neutron scattering length density contrast, the reflectivity data show no detectable primary adsorption on the grafted OEG surface. A bound on the ternary adsorption onto PNIPAM chains forming dense brushes below and above the LCST is obtained. © 2012 EDP Sciences and Springer.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Relation between cognitive dysfunction and pseudobulbar palsy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation between cognitive dysfunction and pseudobulbar features in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS: The performance of two patient groups, ALS with pseudobulbar palsy (n = 24) and ALS without pseudobulbar palsy (n = 28), was compared with 28 healthy age matched controls on an extensive neuropsychological battery. Tests used were the national adult reading test, short form of the WAIS-R, recognition memory test, Kendrick object learning test, paired associate learning, Wisconsin card sorting test, verbal fluency, Stroop and negative priming tests, a random movement joystick test, and a computerised Tower of Hanoi test. RESULTS: Tests of executive function showed a pronounced deficit on written verbal fluency in both ALS groups in comparison to controls, which tended to be more prominent in patients with ALS with pseudobulbar palsy. The random movement joystick test (a non-verbal test of intrinsic movement generation) showed an impairment in the generation of random sequences in patients with pseudobulbar palsy only. The computerised Tower of Hanoi showed a subtle planning impairment (shorter planning times) in all the patients with ALS compared with controls on trials requiring more complex solutions. In addition the pseudobulbar patients displayed shorter planning times on complex trials, and tended to solve these trials less accurately. There was also evidence of a deficit for all patients with ALS in comparison with controls on total errors and number of categories achieved on the Wisconsin card sorting test and a strong tendency towards an impairment on a task of selective attention and cognitive inhibition (negative priming). A word recognition memory deficit was showed across both ALS groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study elicited cognitive deficits (involving predominantly executive processes, with some evidence of memory impairment) in patients with ALS and further strengthened the link between ALS and frontal lobe dysfunction, this being more prominent in patients with pseudobulbar palsy. However, cognitive impairments suggestive of extramotor cortical involvement were not exclusive to this subgroup