A STUDY ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHERS' MAP－READING SKILLS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE "DOUBLE REDUCTION" POLICY

With the implementation of the "Double Reduction" policy, the focus of the curriculum has gradually shifted from the traditional recitation of knowledge points and test-taking training to the cultivation of disciplinary competence and literacy. Through reviewing relevant literature, it is found that the understanding and application of diagrams and charts are an important part of cultivating subject competence and literacy. As a common tool in teaching, charts and diagrams play an important role in early childhood education, and the improvement of early childhood teachers' ability to read charts and diagrams has become a greater concern. Therefore, this study adopts questionnaires and in-depth interviews to comprehensively assess the chart-reading ability of early childhood teachers, and then proposes corresponding improvement strategies. By improving the map-reading ability of kindergarten teachers, this study aims to support primary and secondary school teachers in using maps and charts effectively in classroom teaching, so as to ensure the continued effectiveness of the "Double Reduction" policy and to promote the all-round development of student

Functional dissection of synaptic circuits: in vivo patch-clamp recording in neuroscience

Neuronal activity is dominated by synaptic inputs from excitatory or inhibitory neural circuits. With the development of in vivo patch-clamp recording, especially in vivo voltage-clamp recording, researchers can not only directly measure neuronal activity, such as spiking responses or membrane potential dynamics, but also quantify synaptic inputs from excitatory and inhibitory circuits in living animals. This approach enables researchers to directly unravel different synaptic components and to understand their underlying roles in particular brain functions. Combining in vivo patch-clamp recording with other techniques, such as two-photon imaging or optogenetics, can provide even clearer functional dissection of the synaptic contributions of different neurons or nuclei. Here, we summarized current applications and recent research progress using the in vivo patch-clamp recording method and focused on its role in the functional dissection of different synaptic inputs. The key factors of a successful in vivo patch-clamp experiment and possible solutions based on references and our experiences were also discussed

Vaccine Types

There are several different types of vaccines. Each type is designed to teach your immune system how to fight off certain kinds of germs and the serious diseases they cause. There are four main types of vaccines: live attenuated vaccines; inactivated vaccines; subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines; and toxoid vaccines

Crustal structure of the central Tibetan plateau and geological interpretation

Based on teleseismic data obtained from 225 stations from two networks in the central Tibetan plateau, we have generated detailed crustal structure images using P-wave receiver function techniques with more accurate piercing-depth-correction and time-depth-correction than what have previously been available. Our images indicate an undulatory Moho beneath the Tibetan plateau with a steep jump beneath the northern Himalaya, and obviously different structures in proximity to the Bangong-Nujiang suture. In several sections of the Tibetan plateau, the lower crust is characterized by pervasive high-velocity regions, which are consistent with the preservation of eclogite bodies beneath the plateau, whose presence affects the dynamics of the Tibetan plateau.China Earthquake Administration (Grant 201308013)National Natural Science Foundation (China) (Grants 40974034, 41174086, 41074052 and 41021003