sj-docx-1-uar-10.1177_10780874231169920 - Supplemental material for Leadership Transfer Networks and Regional Environmental Governance Performance

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-uar-10.1177_10780874231169920 for Leadership Transfer Networks and Regional Environmental Governance Performance by Can Cui, Wenna Chen and Hongtao Yi in Urban Affairs Review</p

Study on the relationship between the fitness of three types of N95 respirators and facial dimensions

N95 respirators are the core equipment used by healthcare workers to prevent the spread of respiratory diseases. The protective effect of N95 against infection spread depends on the fit of the N95 to the wearer, which is related to the wearer’s facial dimensions. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between the fit of three types of N95 and facial dimensions. A total of 305 healthcare workers from ten hospitals in Beijing were recruited for this study. Facial dimensions of workers were measured using Intel RealSense Depth Camera D435. Fit testing was conducted on three types of N95 using the TSI-8038 Porta Count Pro + Respirator Fit Tester. Possible associations between the fit test results and facial dimension data were examined. A Porta Count reading of 100 was used as the criterion for an acceptable fit. The fit of the folding respirators was positively correlated with nose length (r = 0.13, p = 0.02), nose height (r = 0.14, p = 0.02), and face width (r = 0.12, p = 0.03), whereas that of flat respirators was correlated with nose width (r = 0.16, p r = 0.18, p r = 0.13, p = 0.02), and that of arched respirators was correlated with the nose length (r = 0.13, p = 0.03). The fit of N95 for wearers depends on their facial features. The results of this study can provide advice for medical workers to choose the appropriate N95. Medical staff should fully consider their facial dimensions when choosing an appropriate N95 to improve the protective efficacy of respirators and to reduce the risk of infection by respiratory diseases.</p

Transition Metal Germanium Chalcogenide Materials: Solvothermal Syntheses, Flexible Crystal, Structures, and Photoelectric Response Property

The chalcogenides Cs2CdGeSe4 (1), Cs2Hg2GeSe5 (2), and Na3RbCu8Ge3S12 (3) were synthesized by solvothermal condition. Germanium chalcogenides containing transition metals have flexible crystal structures. Compound 1 has a one-dimensional (1-D) chain structure consisting of anionic chain ∞1{[GeCdSe4]2–} and Cs+ cations. Compound 2 is a zero-dimensional (0-D) cluster structure consisting of anionic clusters of [GeHgSe5]2– and Cs+ cations. Compound 3 is a three-dimensional (3-D) network structure consisting of a copper-rich [Cu8Ge3S12]4– anion and Na+ and Rb+ cations. Transition metal compounds with inorganic frameworks have abundant optical and electrical properties. We explored the photocurrent response of compounds 1–3. There are remarkable photocurrent densities for compounds 1–3, especially 1 with a density of 180 μA/cm2, which is superior to most germanium chalcogenides

Novel Antihypertensive Prodrug from Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract via Acid-Mediated Depolymerization in the Presence of Captopril: Synthesis, Process Optimization, and Metabolism in Rats

Grape seed extract contains a high content of proanthocyanidins that can be depolymerized into C-4-substituted (epi)­catechin derivatives in the presence of nucleophiles. However, the biological and medicinal values of depolymerization products have been rarely investigated. Recently, we developed a novel depolymerization product (−)-epicatechin-4β-<i>S</i>-captopril methyl ester (ECC) derived from the reaction of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract with captopril in the presence of acidified methanol. A central composite design was employed to select the most appropriate depolymerization temperature and time to obtain the target product ECC with a high yield. A total of 16 metabolites of ECC in rat urine, feces, and plasma were identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The <i>in vivo</i> results suggested that ECC could release captopril methyl ester and epicatechin, followed by the generation of further metabolites captopril and epicatechin sulfate conjugates. Therefore, ECC may be used as a potential prodrug with synergistic or additive hypotensive effects

Ambient Engineering for High-Performance Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells

Considering the evaporation of solvents during fabrication of perovskite films, the organic ambience will present a significant influence on the morphologies and properties of perovskite films. To clarify this issue, various ambiences of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and chlorobenzene (CBZ) are introduced during fabrication of perovskite films by two-step sequential deposition method. The results reveal that an ambient CBZ atmosphere is favorable to control the nucleation and growth of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ grains while the others present a negative effect. The statistical results show that the average efficiencies of perovskite solar cells processed in an ambient CBZ atmosphere can be significantly improved by a relatively average value of 35%, compared with those processed under air. The efficiency of the best perovskite solar cells can be improved from 10.65% to 14.55% by introducing this ambience engineering technology. The CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film with large-size grains produced in an ambient CBZ atmosphere can effectively reduce the density of grain boundaries, and then the recombination centers for photoinduced carriers. Therefore, a higher short-circuit current density is achieved, which makes main contribution to the improvement in efficiency. These results provide vital progress toward understanding the role of ambience in the realization of highly efficient perovskite solar cells

Interface Modification with Inorganic Metal Salt for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Interface modification has emerged as a highly effective strategy for achieving the synergistic optimization of surface defects of SnO2, film quality of perovskite, and their interfacial energy level matching, thereby contributing to the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we introduced SbCl3 into the SnO2/MAPbI3 interface. This approach capitalizes on the difference in electronegativity and the similarity in ionic radii between Sn and Sb, inducing an interaction between Sn and O atoms on the SnO2 surface with Sb from SbCl3. The interaction results in an excellent SnO2/MAPbI3 interface with fewer defects and better energy level alignment. Moreover, high-quality perovskite films with fewer bulk defects were achieved due to the beneficial effects of Cl– anions that passivate uncoordinated Pb2+ defects and promote MAPbI3 crystallization. As a result, MAPbI3 PSCs with SbCl3 modification prepared in a full open-air environment demonstrated a PCE of 20.69% along with enhanced stability. This research highlights the substantial potential of incorporating SbCl3 into the SnO2/perovskite interface as a promising approach for enhancing both the efficiency and stability of planar PSCs

Novel Ultrasound-Promoted Parallel Synthesis of Trifluoroatrolactamide Library via a One-Pot Passerini/Hydrolysis Reaction Sequence and Their Fungicidal Activities

An ultrasound-promoted one-pot Passerini/hydrolysis reaction sequence has been developed for the synthesis of trifluoroatrolactamide derivatives using a diverse range of trifluoroacetophenones and isonitriles in acetic acid. Parallel synthesis in a centrifuge tube using a noncontact ultrasonic cell crusher was used in this study as an efficient method for the rapid generation of combinatorial trifluoroatrolactamide libraries, and subsequent biochemical evaluation of the resulting compounds indicated that they possessed excellent broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. <i>N</i>-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-ethylphenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropanamide and <i>N</i>-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)­propanamide, in particular, showed significant fungicidal activities against all of the fungal species tested in the current study

Template-Guided Programmable Janus Heteronanostructure Arrays for Efficient Plasmonic Photocatalysis

Janus heteronanostructures (HNs), as an important class of anisotropic nanomaterials, could facilitate synergistic coupling of diverse functions inherited by their comprised nanocomponents. Nowadays, synthesizing deterministically targeted Janus HNs remains a challenge. Here, a general yet scalable technique is utilized to fabricate an array of programmable Janus HNs based on anodic aluminum oxide binary-pore templates. By designing and employing an overetching process to partially expose four-edges of one set of nanocomponents in a binary-pore template, selective deposition and interfacing of the other set of nanocomponents is successfully achieved along the exposed four-edges to form a densely packed array of Janus HNs on a large scale. In combination with an upgraded two-step anodization, the synthesis provides high degrees of freedom for both nanocomponents of the Janus HNs, including morphologies, compositions, dimensions, and interfacial junctions. Arrays of TiO₂–Au and TiO₂/Pt NPs–Au Janus HNs are designed, fabricated, and demonstrated about 2.2 times photocurrent density and 4.6 times H₂ evolution rate of that obtained from their TiO₂ counterparts. The enhancement was mainly determined as a result of localized surface plasmon resonance induced direct hot electron injection and strong plasmon resonance energy transfer near the interfaces of TiO₂ nanotubes and Au nanorods. This study may represent a promising step forward to pursue customized Janus HNs, leading to novel physicochemical effects and device applications

Protein interaction networks under the overexpression condition.

<p>(A) Biggest network under the overexpression condition, containing 108 genes. (B) Secondary interaction networks of MYH10, containing 47 genes. (C) Network of genes that directly interact with MYH10, containing 11 genes.</p

Enhanced Electronic Properties of SnO₂ <i>via</i> Electron Transfer from Graphene Quantum Dots for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Tin dioxide (SnO₂) has been demonstrated as an effective electron-transporting layer (ETL) for attaining high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the numerous trap states in low-temperature solution processed SnO₂ will reduce the PSCs performance and result in serious hysteresis. Here, we report a strategy to improve the electronic properties in SnO₂ through a facile treatment of the films with adding a small amount of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). We demonstrate that the photogenerated electrons in GQDs can transfer to the conduction band of SnO₂. The transferred electrons from the GQDs will effectively fill the electron traps as well as improve the conductivity of SnO₂, which is beneficial for improving the electron extraction efficiency and reducing the recombination at the ETLs/perovskite interface. The device fabricated with SnO₂:GQDs could reach an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.2 ± 1.0% and a highest steady-state PCE of 20.23% with very little hysteresis. Our study provides an effective way to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells through improving the electronic properties of SnO₂