Obesidad y riesgo de síndrome metabólico en estudiantes de posgrado de Veracruz, México

Introduction: Since the health of students influences their academic performance and terminal efficiency, and obesity increases in adults, the purpose of the study was to analyze the anthropometric and environmental variables associated with metabolic syndrome risk in graduate students.Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in 52 students using intentional sampling non-probability. Weight, height, and body mass index were evaluated. According to waist circumference, the waist-to-hip ratio and body fat the risk of metabolic syndrome was identified. Family history, personal, weight at birth, weekly intake of food, alcohol, tobacco and coffee, level of physical activity, depression and stress were recorded. Differences between means, correlations, and linear regression models were analyzed.Results: Weight (74.8±13.9; p=0.0024), waist circumference (87.6±9.0; p=0.0044) and the waist-to-hip ratio (0.9±0.0; p=0.0000) were higher in men and body fat were higher (35.4±4.5; p=0.0000) in women. According to the waist circumference and the body fat 34% and 87%, respectively, showed risk of developing metabolic syndrome, mostly women. The model of linear regression for body fat, included sex (B=9.5; p=0.0000) and mild stress (B=4.7; p=0.0410). The model for body mass index included hip circumference, waist circumference, depression and severe stress (B=1.61; p=0.0486). More than 50% showed no consumption of milk, nuts and legumes.Conclusions: The variables associated with higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome indicators were sex and stress. Poor feeding habits became apparent.Introducción: Debido a que la salud de los estudiantes influye en su rendimiento académico y eficiencia terminal, y la obesidad aumenta en los adultos, se planteó analizar las variables antropométricas y ambientales asociadas al riesgo de síndrome metabólico en estudiantes de posgrado.Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en 52 estudiantes mediante muestreo intencional no probabilístico. Se evaluaron peso, estatura e índice de masa corporal. Según la circunferencia de cintura, relación cintura-cadera y grasa corporal, se identificó el riesgo de síndrome metabólico. Se registraron antecedentes familiares, personales, peso al nacer, ingesta semanal de alimentos, alcohol, tabaco y café, nivel de actividad física, depresión y estrés. Se analizaron diferencias entre medias, correlaciones y modelos de regresión lineal.Resultados: El peso (74,8±13,9; p=0,0024), la circunferencia de cintura (87,6±9,0; p=0,0044) y la relación cintura-cadera (0,9±0,0; p=0,0000) fueron superiores en los hombres y la grasa corporal en las mujeres (35,4±4,5; p=0,0000). Según la circunferencia de cintura y la grasa corporal, el 34% y el 87% respectivamente mostraron riesgo de síndrome metabólico, en su mayoría mujeres. El modelo de regresión lineal para grasa corporal incluyó sexo (b=9,5; p=0,0000) y estrés leve (b=4,7; p=0,0410). El modelo para índice de masa corporal incluyó circunferencia de cadera, circunferencia de cintura, depresión y estrés severo (b=1,61; p=0,0486). Más del 50% mostraron un consumo nulo de leche, nueces y leguminosas.Conclusiones: Las variables asociadas a los indicadores de mayor riesgo de síndrome metabólico fueron el sexo y el estrés. Se evidenciaron hábitos de alimentación deficientes

Learning styles and anthropometric indexes of obesity in Mexican adults from primary care / Estilos de aprendizaje e indicadores de obesidad en adultos usuarios del primer nivel de atención en salud

Abstract Health education has focused on the patient as an apprentice, therefore learning styles are a subject of interest since educational strategies may be adapted to people. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze whether learning styles are predictive factors of anthropometric indicators of obesity among a sample of adults who attend external consultation at healthcare centers. A total of 82 adults (mean age = 41.3 years, SD = 14.2) participated; 72% women and 28%. Learning styles were assessed with the Honey-Alonso Learning Styles Questionnaire and for obesity indicators: body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Learning styles did not show predictive value over BMI nor WC but they did in BW (R2 = 0.69, adjusted R2 = 0.66, p = 0.0001) based on variables such as age (standardized b = -0.21, p = 0.001), WC (standardized b = 0.87, p = 0.000) and reflective style (standardized b = 0.82, p = 0.03). It is concluded that learning styles were not predictors of WC neither BMI, but reflective style was predictor of BW. Resumen La educación sanitaria ha enfocado al paciente como un aprendiz y, por ende, resulta de amplio interés el estudio de sus estilos de aprendizaje (EA), para poder así adecuar las estrategias educativas. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si los EA son factores predictores de los indicadores antropométricos de obesidad en usuarios del servicio de consulta externa en centros de salud. Participaron 82 adultos, con edad promedio de 41.3 años (DE = 14.2); 72% mujeres y 28% hombres. Los EA fueron evaluados a través del Cuestionario Honey-Alonso para Estilos de Aprendizaje, en tanto que como indicadores de obesidad se emplearon: peso corporal (PC),  índice de masa corporal (IMC) y circunferencia de cintura (CC). Los EA no evidenciaron valor predictivo sobre el IMC y la CC, pero si sobre PC (R2 = 0.69, R2 ajustada = 0.66, p = 0.0001), con base a las variables edad (b estandarizada = -0.21, p = 0.001), CC (b estandarizada = 0.87, p = 0.000) y EA reflexivo (b estandarizada = 0.82, p = 0.03). Se concluye que aunque los EA no fueron predictores de la CC y el IMC, el estilo reflexivo si lo fue sobre el PC

Learning styles and anthropometric indexes of obesity in Mexican adults from primary care / Estilos de aprendizaje e indicadores de obesidad en adultos usuarios del primer nivel de atención en salud

Abstract Health education has focused on the patient as an apprentice, therefore learning styles are a subject of interest since educational strategies may be adapted to people. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze whether learning styles are predictive factors of anthropometric indicators of obesity among a sample of adults who attend external consultation at healthcare centers. A total of 82 adults (mean age = 41.3 years, SD = 14.2) participated; 72% women and 28%. Learning styles were assessed with the Honey-Alonso Learning Styles Questionnaire and for obesity indicators: body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Learning styles did not show predictive value over BMI nor WC but they did in BW (R2 = 0.69, adjusted R2 = 0.66, p = 0.0001) based on variables such as age (standardized b = -0.21, p = 0.001), WC (standardized b = 0.87, p = 0.000) and reflective style (standardized b = 0.82, p = 0.03). It is concluded that learning styles were not predictors of WC neither BMI, but reflective style was predictor of BW. Resumen La educación sanitaria ha enfocado al paciente como un aprendiz y, por ende, resulta de amplio interés el estudio de sus estilos de aprendizaje (EA), para poder así adecuar las estrategias educativas. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si los EA son factores predictores de los indicadores antropométricos de obesidad en usuarios del servicio de consulta externa en centros de salud. Participaron 82 adultos, con edad promedio de 41.3 años (DE = 14.2); 72% mujeres y 28% hombres. Los EA fueron evaluados a través del Cuestionario Honey-Alonso para Estilos de Aprendizaje, en tanto que como indicadores de obesidad se emplearon: peso corporal (PC),  índice de masa corporal (IMC) y circunferencia de cintura (CC). Los EA no evidenciaron valor predictivo sobre el IMC y la CC, pero si sobre PC (R2 = 0.69, R2 ajustada = 0.66, p = 0.0001), con base a las variables edad (b estandarizada = -0.21, p = 0.001), CC (b estandarizada = 0.87, p = 0.000) y EA reflexivo (b estandarizada = 0.82, p = 0.03). Se concluye que aunque los EA no fueron predictores de la CC y el IMC, el estilo reflexivo si lo fue sobre el PC

Estilos de aprendizaje e indicadores de obesidad en adultos usuarios del primer nivel de atención en salud

Health education has focused on the patient as an apprentice, therefore learning styles are a subject of interest since educational strategies may be adapted to people. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze whether learning styles are predictive factors of anthropometric indicators of obesity among a sample of adults who attend external consultation at healthcare centers. A total of 82 adults (mean age = 41.3 years, SD = 14.2) participated; 72% women and 28%. Learning styles were assessed with the Honey-Alonso Learning Styles Questionnaire and for obesity indicators: body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Learning styles did not show predictive value over BMI nor WC but they did in BW (R2 = 0.69, adjusted R2 = 0.66, p = 0.0001) based on variables such as age (standardized b = -0.21, p = 0.001), WC (standardized b = 0.87, p = 0.000) and reflective style (standardized b = 0.82, p = 0.03). It is concluded that learning styles were not predictors of WC neither BMI, but reflective style was predictor of BW.La educación sanitaria ha enfocado al paciente como un aprendiz y, por ende, resulta de amplio interés el estudio de sus estilos de aprendizaje (EA), para poder así adecuar las estrategias educativas. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si los EA son factores predictores de los indicadores antropométricos de obesidad en usuarios del servicio de consulta externa en centros de salud. Participaron 82 adultos, con edad promedio de 41.3 años (DE = 14.2); 72% mujeres y 28% hombres. Los EA fueron evaluados a través del Cuestionario Honey-Alonso para Estilos de Aprendizaje, en tanto que como indicadores de obesidad se emplearon: peso corporal (PC),  índice de masa corporal (IMC) y circunferencia de cintura (CC). Los EA no evidenciaron valor predictivo sobre el IMC y la CC, pero si sobre PC (R2 = 0.69, R2 ajustada = 0.66, p = 0.0001), con base a las variables edad (b estandarizada = -0.21, p = 0.001), CC (b estandarizada = 0.87, p = 0.000) y EA reflexivo (b estandarizada = 0.82, p = 0.03). Se concluye que aunque los EA no fueron predictores de la CC y el IMC, el estilo reflexivo si lo fue sobre el PC

Síndrome Metabólico y su correlación con los niveles séricos de urea, creatinina y ácido úrico en adultos de Veracruz

Objective. The aim was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and to correlate its components with the serum levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid, in adults from Veracruz. Materials and Methods. It was assessed 105 people with social health insurance non-hospitalized from IMSS UMAE No. 14. The mean age was 45.8 ±13.5 years. After 12-hour fasting period a blood sample was taken to the following serum determinations: glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and heart rate were assessed. MS was defined according to ATP-III and IDF. Results. The 60% of adults had MS, most of them (30.3%) were 45-64 years old. Abdominal obesity and low HDL-cholesterol, were the most frequent alterations (97.1% and 69.5%). The 31.4% of the sample was found with hyperuricemia. The serum level of uric acid was directly correlated with glucose (r=0.27 p <0.05), sistolic (r= 0.20 p <0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r= 0.19 p <0.05). Uric acid was inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol (r=-0.39 p <0.05). Urea showed positive relation with sistolic (r= 0.33 p <0.05) and BUN/creatinine with diastolic blood pressure (r= 0.20 p <0.05). Conclusion. The high frequency of MS in these adults was determined by the abdominal obesity and the hipoalphalipoproteinemia. The MS was associated to hyperuricemia which was evident in the third of the sample.Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico (SM) y correlacionar sus componentes con los niveles séricos de urea, creatina y ácido úrico, en adultos de Veracruz. Materiales y Métodos. Se evaluaron 105 derechohabientes no hospitalizados del IMSS-UMAE (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social-Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad) No. 14, con edad promedio de 45.8 ±13.5 años. Previo ayuno de 12 horas, se determinaron los niveles séricos de glucosa, urea, creatinina, ácido úrico, colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol y triglicéridos. Se evaluaron parámetros antropométricos y se examinó la presión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca. El SM se definió de acuerdo con la ATP III y con la IDF. Resultados. El 60% de los adultos evaluados se diagnosticaron con SM, la mayoría (30.3%) en el rango de edad de 45 a 64 años. Predominó la obesidad abdominal en el 97.1% y el HDL-col reducido en el 70.5%. El 31.4% de la muestra presentó hiperuricemia. El ácido úrico se correlacionó positiva y significativamente con glucosa (r=0.27, p <0.05), presión sistólica (r=0.20, p <0.05) y diastólica (r=0.19, p <0.05), mientras que con el HDL-colesterol se asoció de manera inversa (r=-0.39, p <0.05). La urea sérica mostró relación directa con la presión sistólica (r=0.33, p <0.05) y el BUN/Creatinina con la presión diastólica (r=0.20, p <0.05). Conclusiones. La elevada frecuencia de SM en estos adultos fue determinada por la obesidad abdominal y la hipoalfalipoproteinemia. El SM se asoció con hiperuricemia, la cual fue evidente en la tercera parte de la muestra

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data