8 research outputs found
Biallelic sequence variants in INTS1 in patients with developmental delays, cataracts, and craniofacial anomalies
Long-period astronomical forcing of mammal turnover
Mammals are among the fastest-radiating groups, being characterized
by a mean species lifespan of the order of 2.5 million years
(Myr)1,2. The basis for this characteristic timescale of origination,
extinction and turnover is not well understood. Various studies
have invoked climate change to explain mammalian species
turnover3,4, but other studies have either challenged or only
partly confirmed the climate–turnover hypothesis5–7. Here we
use an exceptionally long (24.5–2.5Myr ago), dense, and welldated
terrestrial record of rodent lineages from central Spain,
and show the existence of turnover cycles with periods of
2.4–2.5 and 1.0Myr. We link these cycles to low-frequency
modulations of Milankovitch oscillations8, and show that
pulses of turnover occur at minima of the 2.37-Myr eccentricity
cycle and nodes of the 1.2-Myr obliquity cycle. Because obliquity
nodes and eccentricity minima are associated with ice
sheet expansion and cooling and affect regional precipitation, we
infer that long-period astronomical climate forcing is a major
determinant of species turnover in small mammals and probably
other groups as well
Views from the South: Images of Britain and Its Empire in Portuguese and Spanish Political Economic Discourse, ca. 1740–1810
Heterogeneous reaction mechanisms of the reduction of nitric oxide on carbon surfaces: a theoretical analysis
Tautomerization mechanism and spectral properties of porphyrin–glucose complexes as models of antibacterial material
Keys to Lipid Selection in Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Catalysis: Structural Flexibility, Gating Residues and Multiple Binding Pockets
The evaluation of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: a consensus report of the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group.
The term monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) was introduced by the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group (IKMG) in 2012. The IKMG met in April 2017 to refine the definition of MGRS and to update the diagnostic criteria for MGRS-related diseases. Accordingly, in this Expert Consensus Document, the IKMG redefines MGRS as a clonal proliferative disorder that produces a nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulin and does not meet previously defined haematological criteria for treatment of a specific malignancy. The diagnosis of MGRS-related disease is established by kidney biopsy and immunofluorescence studies to identify the monotypic immunoglobulin deposits (although these deposits are minimal in patients with either C3 glomerulopathy or thrombotic microangiopathy). Accordingly, the IKMG recommends a kidney biopsy in patients suspected of having MGRS to maximize the chance of correct diagnosis. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation, as well as analyses of serum free light chains, should also be performed to identify the monoclonal immunoglobulin, which helps to establish the diagnosis of MGRS and might also be useful for assessing responses to treatment. Finally, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy should be conducted to identify the lymphoproliferative clone. Flow cytometry can be helpful in identifying small clones. Additional genetic tests and fluorescent in situ hybridization studies are helpful for clonal identification and for generating treatment recommendations. Treatment of MGRS was not addressed at the 2017 IKMG meeting; consequently, this Expert Consensus Document does not include any recommendations for the treatment of patients with MGRS