Anders gezegd: Duitse pendanten van het Nederlandse bijwoord anders

In hun analyse van het Nederlandse bijwoord ‘anders’ onderscheiden Smessaert & Van Belle (2010) drie grote subtypes m.b.v. de concepten van comparatief en foriciteit. Het intraclausale Type I anders is [+comparatief/+forisch] en in essentie een bijwoord van wijze. Het sterk interclausale Type II anders is [-comparatief/+forisch] en vervult de rol van een voegwoordelijk bijwoord. Het zwak-interclausale Type III anders, ten slotte, is [-comparatief/-forisch] en gedraagt zich als een attitudineel discourse markeerder. In deze bijdrage bestuderen we de Duitse pendanten van de verschillende types anders in het Nederlands. De voorgestelde driedeling blijkt grosso modo te corresponderen met een Duitse vertaling als anders voor type I, als ‘sonst’ voor type II en een vertaling voor type III die noch van anders noch van ‘sonst’ gebruik maakt. In sommige gevallen blijkt een vertaling zowel met anders als met ‘sonst’ mogelijk te zijn. Het onderzoek is gebaseerd op een parallel corpus van Nederlandse romans met hun Duitse vertaling

Cowpox Virus Transmission from Pet Rats to Humans, Germany

We describe a cluster of cowpox virus (CPXV) infections in humans that occurred near Munich, Germany, around the beginning of 2009. Previously, only sporadic reports of CPXV infections in humans after direct contact with various animals had been published. This outbreak involved pet rats from the same litter

Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure

Many copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen’s d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions

Word order restrictions in adnominal constructions: the case of the German pre- versus postnominal genitive

This paper focuses on variation between pre- and postnominal genitives of proper names in German. It refines and completes previous studies, in that it provides a systematic corpus study of all factors described in the existing literature and offers a thorough analysis of factors that may hamper genitive variation. The two constructions are not ‘equivalent’, since (1) the prenominal genitive has a specifying, determinative function, (2) certain factors exclude variation and (3) a variety of other factors hamper the alternation in so-called ‘choice’ contexts, such as the semantic factor ‘Agent/Patient role’, the syntactic factor of prosodic weight and a number of pragmatic factors like minor relevance of N1, further elaboration of N2, contrastive meaning, and higher participant identifiability of the genitive proper noun