Acompanhamento nutricional de adolescentes no Programa Saúde na Escola

Introduction: Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are important public health problems. In this context, the school has been identified as a favorable environment for carrying out health education programs. The Health at School Program and its important performance stand out. Thus, considering these discussions, they ask: How are the actions developed by the Health at School Program, focused on nutrition, being implemented? Objective: Analyze the teenager monitoring in the School Health Program (PSE in Brazil) opposite actions to the nutritional aspects of adolescents. Methods: This is a descriptive, qualitative study in Juazeiro municipality North-Ce, with the subject 18 nurses of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) inserted in the PES that municipality. Results: Nurses have limited assistance in the face of food practices, which implies in its operations; report having difficulty performing their actions outside the conventional health units and focus on strategies for a food menu. Conclusion: The monitoring of adolescents in the School Health Program ahead nutritional value is still limited to preventive practices involving specific actions, limited to a Sfood education focused on the health problem and not the needs of adolescents.Introdução: O sobrepeso e a obesidade na infância e na adolescência constituem importantes problemas de saúde pública. Nesse contexto, a escola vem sendo apontada como um ambiente favorável para realização de programas de educação em saúde. Destaca-se o Programa Saúde na Escola e sua importante atuação. Assim, considerando essas discussões, questionam-se: Como estão sendo implementadas as ações desenvolvidas pelo Programa Saúde na Escola, voltadas para nutrição? Objetivo: Analisar o acompanhamento do adolescente no Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) frente a ações voltadas para os aspectos nutricionais dos adolescentes.   Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado no município de Juazeiro do Norte-Ce, tendo como sujeitos 18 enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) inseridos no PSE do referido município. Utilizou-se como técnica para coleta do material a entrevista semiestruturada e organizados seguindo a proposta da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que os enfermeiros tem uma assistência limitada frente às praticas alimentares, o que implica na sua atuação; compreendem a educação em saúde na escola como intervenções pontuais e preventivista, assim como, relatam ter dificuldades em executar suas ações fora das unidades convencionais de saúde e focam em estratégias voltadas para um cardápio alimentar não na perspectiva de promover a saúde, atuando quando o problema é detectado. Conclusão: O acompanhamento dos adolescentes no Programa Saúde na Escola frente aos aspectos nutricionais ainda está limitada a práticas preventivistas, envolvendo ações pontuais, limitadas a uma educação alimentar focada no problema de saúde e não nas necessidades dos adolescentes

Osteoporosis in Parkinson’s disease and the role of lean body mass: a cross-sectional study in a Brazilian tertiary center

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative illness and has the highest increase rate in recent years. There is growing evidence to suggest that PD is linked to higher osteoporosis rates and risk of fractures.ObjectiveThis study aims to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with osteoporosis as defined by the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) and World Health Organization in patients with mild to moderate PD.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study at a tertiary public hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil, dating from May 2021 until April 2022. The study sample was comprised of patients with mild to moderate PD who were at least 40 years old and who had the ability to walk and stand unassisted. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of both the hip (neck of the femur) and the lumbar spine were obtained via properly calibrated Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. The FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) score was used to determine a person’s 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fracture. The Revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP 2) was used as a basis to confirm a sarcopenia diagnosis with the following parameters: low muscle strength gauged by handgrip strength and low muscle quantity by DXA. Physical performance was carefully evaluated by using the Short Physical Performance Battery test. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were diagnosed following the NOF guidelines and WHO recommendations.ResultsWe evaluated 107 patients in total, of whom 45 (42%) were women. The group’s mean age was 68 ± 9 years, and the mean disease time span was 9.9 ± 6.0 years and mean motor UPDRS was 43 ± 15. We found that 42.1% and 34.6% of the sample had osteopenia and osteoporosis following NOF criteria, respectively, and 43% and 33.6% following the WHO recommendations. Lower lean appendicular mass was associated to osteopenia and osteoporosis in multinomial logistic regression analysis in both diagnostic criteria.ConclusionOur findings provide additional evidence for the protective role of lean mass against osteoporosis in patients with PD

Cataract occurrence in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs Ocorrência de catarata em pacientes tratados com antipsicóticos

OBJECTIVE: Typical antipsychotic drugs, mainly phenothiazines, have been associated with cataract formation for over forty years. Recently, there has been a concern about atypical antipsychotic drugs' potential for inducing this lenticular pathology. Accordingly, we sought to determine the cataract rate and other ocular side effects in patients on long-term therapy with antipsychotic drugs. METHOD: Eighty outpatients with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia from two settings who met pre determined inclusion criteria were submitted to an ophthalmological evaluation for ocular abnormalities with emphasis in the lens and cornea. They were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 52) comprised patients who had been predominantly on typical antipsychotics for at least two years and group 2 (n = 28) patients who had been predominantly on atypical antipsychotics for at least two years. RESULTS: Cataract was found in 26 patients (33%) with predominance of anterior capsular cataract. The cataract rate among patients from group 1 (40%) was higher than among those from group 2 (18%). Visual acuity was reduced in 21 patients (26%). No changes were observed neither in the cornea nor in the retina. CONCLUSIONS: Patients using antipsychotic drugs should be submitted to a periodic ophthalmological evaluation.OBJETIVO: Os antipsicóticos típicos, principalmente as fenotiazinas, têm sido associados à formação de catarata há mais de quarenta anos. Nos últimos anos, tem existido um questionamento acerca do potencial dos antipsicóticos atípicos de induzir essa patologia lenticular. Neste estudo, buscamos determinar a taxa de catarata e de outros efeitos oculares adversos em pacientes em uso de antipsicóticos a longo prazo. MÉTODO: Oitenta pacientes tratados ambulatorialmente com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia segundo o DSM-IV, de dois centros, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão pré determinados foram submetidos a uma avaliação oftalmológica para pesquisa de alterações oculares com ênfase no cristalino e na córnea. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos: o grupo 1 (n = 52) era formado por pacientes que tinham usado predominantemente antipsicóticos típicos por pelo menos dois anos e o grupo 2 (n = 28) por pacientes que tinham usado predominantemente antipsicóticos atípicos por pelo menos dois anos. RESULTADOS: Catarata foi encontrada em 26 pacientes (33%) com predomínio de catarata capsular anterior. A taxa de catarata entre os pacientes do grupo 1 (40%) foi maior do que naqueles do grupo 2 (18%). A acuidade visual estava reduzida em 21 pacientes (26%). Não foram encontradas alterações nem na córnea nem na retina. CONCLUSÕES: Pessoas em uso de antipsicóticos devem ser submetidas à avaliação oftalmológica periódica