The Action of Sulphuric Acid on Certain Aralkyl Ethers and Alcohols

This survey of the literature has been divided into several sections, each of which describes the work of various authors on subjects related to the problem under Investigation. The chemical literature does not contain many references to reactions analogous with that of benzyl alcohol or dibenzyl ether with sulphuric acid. Such references are found chiefly in the work of Basler and Mettler (see page 5) who prepared diphenylmethane and its derivatives by the reaction of aryl alcohols and certain aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of sulphuric acid. Only in very few cases did these authors describe the formation of an oily by-product such as would have been formed by the direct action of sulphuric acid and the aryl alcohol. The preparation of diphenylmethane and its derivatives, however, was carried out under special conditions, the aryl alcohol being added to a cold mixture of the aromatic hydrocarbon and sulphuric acid which had been diluted with glacial acetic acid. In addition to sulphuric acid, various other dehydrating agents were used in these condensations, and the resulting compounds are also described in this section. Apart from these reactions involving aryl alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, and dehydrating agents the only other reference to previous work analogous to the reaction of sulphuric acid, and aryl alcohols, is contained in a paper by Wagner-Jauregg and Griesshaber (loc. cit) which was published during the course of this research. By the action of phosphorus pentoxide on dibenzyl ether in chloroform solution, these authors obtained a product to which they assigned the formula (C7H7)x, and in view of the similarity of this reaction with that under investigation, this work is discussed in detail. In the other sections of this survey, an account is given of several different subjects, which, although not directly connected with the problem of this thesis, axe helpful in elucidating the nature of the reaction product, and also in devising a mechanism for the reaction of aryl alcohols and sulphuric acid. The formation of condensation products by benzyl chloride and its related compounds with the elimination of hydrochloric acid bears a marked resemblance to this reaction by which benzyl alcohol condenses by dehydration in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid

Public Relations Perspective to Manage Conflict in a Public Health Crisis, A

The present study particularly focuses on the SARS outbreak in China because it was a major battlefield against the disease that largely affected the fate of the worldwide SARS crisis. Framing analysis of media coverage of the SARS epidemic and organization information from the WHO is used to dissect specific conflicts and strategies involved in China\u27s SARS crisis. The discussion finishes with a checklist for planning strategic communication and conflict management during public health crises

STPSat-1: A New Approach to DoD Experiment Spaceflight

For small satellites, finding affordable access to space is a daunting hurdle. The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) promises to make excess capacity on future EELV launches available for the Department of Defense (DoD) Space Test Program (STP) and other organizations as a lower-cost launch alternative. STP Satellite Mission 1 (STPSat-1) is the first STP satellite built specifically to exploit this capacity. STPSat-1 continues STP’s mission to provide access to space for DoD sponsored experiments. This spacecraft hosts four such experiments: Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals (SHIMMER); Computerized Ionospheric Tomography Receiver in Space (CITRIS); Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)-based PicoSat Inspector (MEPSI), and; Wafer Scale Signal Processing (WSSP). Consistent with STP’s mission, these experiments will demonstrate new technologies for space applications. This paper discusses several technical challenges being overcome by the STPSat-1 team. SHIMMER is the primary driver for spacecraft attitude and thermal performance. ESPA restrictions tightly constrain volume and mass. Limited knowledge of the launch environment exists since Delta IV has not yet flown (at this writing). This paper will discuss the approach used to meet these technical challenges, present organizational structures used to optimize communications, and address design-to-cost and mission risk constraints

Theology, News and Notes - Vol. 56, No. 01

Theology News & Notes was a theological journal published by Fuller Theological Seminary from 1954 through 2014.https://digitalcommons.fuller.edu/tnn/1164/thumbnail.jp

I/O Master

The I/O Master is an engineering tool designed to let users quickly and efficiently use their computer to interface with embedded devices and sensors. Using a general purpose design, the goal is to make it possible to implement any digital protocol on the I/O Master. With the use of onboard level shifting, differential communication components, peripheral DMA through GPIO and a USB 2.0 High Speed computer interface, the I/O Master is able to implement such a general purpose design with initial implementation of five protocols to verify the design\u27s capabilities. The implementation of a computer-based GUI and underlying framework allows users to easily use the I/O Master with additional flexibility to write custom programs for it. While many characteristics of components were considered for the design, the design lacks quantified information relating to propagation delay of components and response time for some of the electrical safety components. Engineers can use the I/O Master to make the early phases of design faster when there is a need to interface with sensors for testing and analysis. The design of the I/O Master allows for additional protocols to be implemented in the future with only limited changes needed in the software

An Economic Model of Permission Marketing: Win-win-win Relationship Building Among Marketers, ISPs, and Internet Users

A model is proposed for ISP customers to accept e-mail marketing in exchange for a discount on the Internet fee. Adherence to the model appeared to vary with age, number of e-mails received per day, and with the amount of the current fee. Authors recommend marketers send fewer, better-targeted, and personalized e-mails

Toward a Publics-Driven, Emotion-Based Approach in Crisis Communication: Testing the Integrated Crisis Mapping (ICM) Model

Extending current theories in crisis communication, the authors have developed a more systemic approach to understanding the role of emotions in crises and the strategies used to respond. The authors’ Integrated Crisis Mapping (ICM) model is based on a public-based, emotion-driven perspective where different crises are mapped on two continua, the organization’s engagement in the crisis and primary public’s coping strategy. The initial test on the first of the four quadrants in the model suggests theoretical rigor in the model and found that publics involved in crises pertaining to reputational damage, technological breakdown, industrial matters, labor unrest, and regulation/legislation, are likely to feel anxious, angry, and sad. At the same time, they are likely to engage in conative coping and take active steps to restore some semblance of normalcy within their immediate environment. As counter-intuitive as this may appear, evidence shows that organizations embroiled in these crises need only to engage moderately, rather than intensely, in reaching out to the publics. This “strategic holding position” affords a situation where organizations are able to assume a qualified-rhetoric-mixed stance, utilizing a mixed bag of strategies ranging from defensive strategies like excuse and justification as well as accommodative strategies like ingratiation and corrective action to engage their publics. This study is the first of a series of studies to generate what Yin (2003) termed “analytic generalization” for the ICM model. The findings from this study, arguably, represent the imprints of an initial trail that may open up to a possibly new vista of research in crisis communication