Identification of metabolic indicators for cardiovascular risk in schoolchildren

Objective. CardioVascular Disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide affecting people at younger ages every year. The purpose of this study was to identify the metabolic indicators for cardiovascular risk factors in primary school students from Mexico and Colombia. Methods. A clinical, prospective, cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted in Mexico and Colombia to contrast anthropometric measurements, biochemical and dietetic determinations and physical activity. Results. The Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) and the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WtHR) showed significant differences (p≤0.001) between Mexico and Colombia (0.8 ± 0.1 versus 0.5 ± 0.1) and (0.4 ± 0.06 vs. 0.78 ± 0.04) respectively. The Automatic Linear Modeling showed that the main predictors for cholesterol levels were WtHR, MonoUnsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and lipids ingestion. For glucose there were four main predictors: WHR, carbohydrates, MUFA and Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA). For triglycerides the pedictors were Products of Animal Origin (PAO), BMI, waist circumference, lipids and cholesterol ingestion and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). The Weight Estimation tests weighted per gender showed that for glucose levels the main determinants were carbohydrates, MUFA and oils; for cholesterol these were MUFA, PUFA and oils; and for LDL the significant variables were proteins, SFA, PAO and sugars; and last, for triglycerides the main variables were BMI, cholesterol and vegetables. Conclusions. Mexico has higher values in almost all items of cardiovascular risk in children, but both countries have significant percentages of obesity and the population free of cardiovascular risk is minimal.This work was funded by the Grant 1040/2014RIFC of the UAEMex

Sustitutos de piel poliméricos para el tratamiento de úlcera en pie diabético

Diferentes complicaciones se pueden desarrollar en los pies de los pacientes diabéticos, entre las que se incluyen la neuropatía, la arteriopatía periférica, las infecciones, las ulceraciones y la gangrena. En especial las úlceras diabéticas son complicaciones crónicas que conllevan consecuencias graves en aspectos económicos (por ejemplo: altos costos hospitalarios) y de salud, además de tener un mal pronóstico. La úlcera diabética se puede definir desde diferentes perspectivas: clínica, biológica, evolutiva, entre otras, de forma simple se define como una lesión cutánea donde los procesos de cicatrización se encuentran alterados.Las úlceras diabéticas y la mala cicatrización son algunas de las complicaciones graves que pueden ocurrir después de una lesión en la piel en personas con diabetes mellitus. La ulceración en pie es la causa más frecuente de hospitalización, la cual puede llevar a la amputación hasta en un 85% de los casos a pesar de la atención médica. Por otra parte, la ulceración afecta del 12 al 25% en personas diagnosticadas con diabetes en algún momento de su vida, la cual representa una carga importante en términos monetarios para el sector salud. Por lo anterior la ingeniería de tejidos se dedica a desarrollar soluciones novedosas para combatir la perdida de tejido mediante el remplazo o restauración de la parte afectada. En el caso de la piel se han utilizado una gran variedad de biomateriales poliméricos que sirven como andamiajes para ayudar en los procesos de regeneración tisular, sin embargo todavía existe una creciente necesidad de materiales novedosos que asistan en los procesos biológicos de restablecimiento de la función del tejido u órgano dañado.En este trabajo se hace una revisión de aquellos materiales de origen polimérico actualmente en desarrollo para el tratamiento de la úlcera diabética y cierre de herid

SARCOPENIA, NEUROPATÍA PERIFÉRICA Y ENFERMEDAD ARTERIAL PERIFÉRICA EN PACIENTES CON DIABETES MELLITUS SOMETIDOS A HEMODIÁLISIS

La sarcopenia se caracteriza por pérdida de fuerza y masa muscular. Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus que se encuentran bajo tratamiento en hemodiálisis tienen disminución de actividad física y cambios en su ingestión alimentaria, lo que propicia también la presencia de sarcopenia; por otro lado, la neuropatía periférica y enfermedad arterial periférica aparecen comúnmente como complicaciones crónicas de la diabetes mellitus

Peripheral pathways in the food-intake control, towards the adipose-intestinal missing link.

In the physiological state a multitude of gut hormones are released into the circulation at the same time depending on the quality and quantity of the diet. These hormones interact with receptors at various points in the “gut-brain axis” to affect short-term and intermediate-term feelings of hunger and satiety. The combined effects of macronutrients on the predominant gut hormone secretion are still poorly understood. Besides, adipokines form an important part of an “adipoinsular axis” dysregulation which may contribute to -cell failure and hence to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Even more, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and T2DM seem to share a genetic basis. In susceptible individuals, chronic exaggerated stimulation of the proximal gut with fat and carbohydrates may induce overproduction of an unknown factor that causes impairment of incretin production and/or action, leading to insufficient or untimely production of insulin, so that glucose intolerance develops.The bypass of the duodenum and jejunum might avoid a putative hormone overproduction in the proximal foregut in diabetic patients that might counteract the action of insulin, while the early presentation of undigested or incompletely digested food to the ileum may anticipate the production of hormones such as GLP1, further improving insulin action

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-kB) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in early childhood. In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the activity of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) has been associated with changes in the transcriptional activity and expression of nuclear factor kappa beta (NFKB) in the mononuclear cells of bone marrow. Objectives. The aim of the study was to determine the possible role of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3β) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFKB) as prognostic variables in pediatric patients with ALL. Material and Methods. This was a descriptive, transversal, and observational study. Bone marrow and blood samples were obtained from 30 children with newly-diagnosed ALL, who were seen at the Hematology-Oncology Service, Hospital para el Niño (HPN), Toluca, Mexico, from 2014‒2015. Anthropometric variables, clinical lab results, immunophenotype and cytogenetic abnormalities were registered. GSK-3β was evaluated through immunohistochemistry, and NFKB messenger RNA (mRNA) with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The cases of ALL were classified into two groups of risk: high and habitual. Results. Thirty patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 7.1 years (range 2‒13 years). Twenty-one were male and 9 female. Employing the morphological classification, 26 patients had type L1 ALL and the remaining 4 patients had type L2 ALL. Abnormal genes were found in 7 (23.33%) patients, ETV-RUNX1 in 3, followed by TCF3-PBX1 (two), STL1-TAL1 (one), and BCR-ABL1 (one). NFKB relative expression levels, in comparison to the GSK-3β immunohistochemistry results of the bone marrow samples, showed significant differences between positive and negative cases (p = 0.001) and between weak-positive and negative cases (p = 0.002). Conclusions. These results suggest that GSK-3β may be a prognostic biomarker in childhood ALLCiprés Grupo Médic

Association of Irisin Serum Concentration and Muscle Strength in Normal-Weight and Overweight Young Women

Background: Irisin is a muscle-contraction-induced myokine. In previous studies, it has been related to exercise type, fitness and physical activity; however, evidence is not consistent. Thus, the aim of this study was to research the association between health-related fitness and irisin in young women. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional one. Young, healthy, nonsmoking women were enlisted. The sample comprised 40 overweight (OW) and 40 normal-weight (NW) individuals. The average age was 18.63 ± 0.63 and 18.78 ± 0.73 years, respectively. Components of health-related fitness, metabolic parameters, serum irisin and body composition were analyzed. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in physical tests between NW and OW groups for one-leg standing, hand grip strength, vertical jump, modified push-up, fitness index and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX). There were no differences in concentrations of serum irisin between the groups. We found a positive correlation between irisin and hand grip strength (r = 0.374, p = 0.023). In a multivariate analysis adjusted by body fat, a significant association between irisin and hand grip strength was observed in OW group (β = 0.380, p = 0.026); as well, a positive association between irisin and one-leg standing test in NW group (β = 0.311, p = 0.044) was found. Conclusions: According to our findings, hand grip strength could be linked to irisin concentration in overweight young women

Correlation of the homeostasis model assessment Index and adiponectin, leptin and insulin levels to body mass index-associated gene polymorphisms in adolescents

Se analiza la expresión de polimorfismos en adolescentes y su asociación con parámetros del síndrome metabólico.Objectives: This study aimed to describe correlations between glucose, insulin and adipokine levels and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index with regards to the presence/absence of fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) rs9939609 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-y rs1801282 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as indicators of body mass index in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2016 in Toluca, Mexico. A total of 71 students between 14–18 years old were included. Various anthropometric and laboratory measurements were collected, including lipid profile, glucose, insulin and adipokine levels and HOMA index. The degree of association between variables was evaluated with regards to the presence/absence of the SNPs. Results: Leptin levels were significantly higher among female students (P = 0.001), although adiponectin levels did not differ significantly (P = 0.060). There were significant positive correlations between insulin levels and HOMA index with FTO (r = 0.391; P = 0.007 and r = 0.413; P = 0.005, respectively) and PPARγ (r = 0.529; P = 0.007 and r = 0.537; P = 0.007, respectively) SNPs. Leptin showed a significant positive correlation in the presence of PPARγ (r = 0.483; P = 0.007) or in the absence of both SNPs (r = 0.627; P = 0.039). However, adiponectin was significantly negatively correlated in the presence of FTO, either alone (r = −0.333; P = 0.024) or in combination with PPARγ (r = −0.616; P = 0.043). Conclusion: The presence of FTO and/or PPARγ SNPs might be related to a genetic predisposition to metabolic syndrome.This study was funded with the aid of a grant from the Mexican Ministry of Education (grant #PROMEP/2013/CA-186/103105/13/9057)

Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus in cervical Squamous Intraepitelial Lesions in Méxica Women

Approximately 40 genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been identified in cervical mucosa. In particular, HPV-16 and HPV-18 have been associated with cervical neoplasia. Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) are precursors of cervical cancer. This study aimed to identify the HPV by genotype in SILs using a line ar array genotyping test in a population in the State of México. We performed a cross-sectional study of 129 patients (women of the State of México) who completed a risk factor questionnaire and were diagnosed as being with or without SIL by colposcopy. We obtained cervical swab samples from these patients and genotyped them using a Linear Array HPV Genotyping assay from ROCHE®. Forty-nine (37.98%) samples were positive for the HPV, and 24 genotypes were found among these samples. The most common genotype was HPV-16. The 12 genotypes found in both high- and low-grade SILs were HPV-6, 16, 31, 39, 51, 52, 53, 58, 59, 61, 67, and 84, 7 of which were high risk: HPV-16, 31, 39, 51, 52, 58, and 59. In the population studied, the most frequent genotype was HPV-16, multiple infections were found, and four patients without injury tested positive for the HPV

PrimerCongreso Internacional de Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas y de Rezago

Verificar como influyen los factores socioeconómicos culturales en el control metabólico del paciente con diabetes mellitus de manera parcial o determinante.La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con un impacto importante en la vida del sujeto siendo la enfermedad que concentra mayor volumen de recursos económicos del sector salud

Human Papillomavirus (HPV), minireview and collateral expected benefits of the vaccine.

Cervical neoplasia is the second leading cause of neoplastic death in Latin America. It is generally accepted that all cervical carcinomas have at least one high risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Due to the causal relationship of specific HPV types and cervical cancer and its role as precursor of skin lesions it is important to identify the involved genotype. HPV, as other tumor-viruses, induces oncogenesis by manipulating an array of different cellular pathways, which leads to immortalization and proliferation of the infected cells by disrupting the mitotic checkpoint upon infection of the host cell. Actually the role of the immune response in the development of cervical cancer is unknown as is the relationship between the type and level of expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin (IL)-4 in the cervical microenvironment within each of the stages of carcinogenesis with the HPV genotype causing the infection. An average annual cost to treat cervical cancer is U.S. $10,283 per patient. Taking into account the World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, in ten years the accumulated cases of cervical cancer might be 3,286,534, thus making a total budget of U.S.$ 33,795.4 million to treat all women. Universal vaccination against HPV might result in extended benefits as the decrease in mouth and oropharynx cancers as well as the reduction in health cost for the attendance of several neoplasias