5 research outputs found
Biochemical changes in people with HIV/AIDS in the municipality of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
This study aimed to characterize the lipid profile, treatment time and immune profile of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) serviced by Specialized Assistance Service (SAS) of Macaé to indentify the level of prevention according to the ecological triad. A study of transverse type, field, descriptive with 46 PLWHA of both sexes, aged between 20 to 59 years, from march to december 2017. Participated in the 26 men and 20 women research, these 91.3% resided in Macaé. The biochemical results reported changes in concetrations of triglycerides (≥150 mg dL-1) in 41.3% of PLWHA studied; 5 men and 7 women had high cholesterol (≥240 mg dL-1), however, not analyzed statistical significance. 23.9% and 19.5% of the PLWHA had maximum values of LDL-c (≥130 and ≤159 mg dL-1) and high LDL-c (≥160 mg dL-1), respectively. In addition, 26 PLWHA had HDL-c below the desirable. All participants used antiretriviral therapy, where 82.6% (n = 38) with undetectable viral load. More than half of the people (84.7%) were asymptomatic according to count of CD4+ T lymphocytes. The study identified PLWHA in the pathogenic period of secondary prevention level according ecological triad; lipid changes were found in PLWHA. Changes in lifestyle and dietary interventions can promote improvement in biochemical changes identified
Efeitos da ingestão dos ácido docosa-hexaenoico e ácido eicosapentaenoico sobre o sistema nervoso central de indivíduos saudáveis ou com patologias neuropsiquiátricas em diferentes faixas etárias: revisão sistemática
Objective: The omega-3 essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are beneficial to the central nervous system (CNS), with studies demonstrating their role in myelination and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, its deficiency was correlated with the development of neurological and psychiatric pathologies. Therefore, the present work aims to present an updated literature review on the effects of EPA/DHA intake on the CNS of humans in different age groups and neurological/psychiatric health status. Methodology: This study was conducted observing the PRISMA method; the search for studies was performed in the scientific database Medline. The inclusion criteria were articles published between 2010-2021, published in English, randomized clinical trials with humans, and observational studies. Results: 11 articles were selected and then categorized by topic. It was observed that in children's neuropsychomotor development the EPA/DHA supplementation benefited language acquisition and provided slightly better scores in neurological tests. In healthy adults, there was found evidence of an increase in the effectiveness of neural processing. In children with ADHD, the consumption of EPA/DHA was linked with better scores on tests of attention. In individuals with schizophrenia, there was less loss of cortical thickness. In older adults with memory deficits or Alzheimer's disease, results such as an increase in brain oxygenation, less inflammation, and slower brain mass loss were found. Conclusion: From the analysis of the studies, it appears that the ingestion of EPA/DHA benefits the CNS through effects on neurodevelopment, cognitive function, disease prevention, and as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy.Objetivo: Os ácidos graxos essenciais (AGE) ômega-3 dos tipos ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e ácido docosa-hexaenoico (DHA), são benéficos para o sistema nervoso central (SNC) - com estudos demonstrando seu papel na mielinização, formação de sinapses, além da relação de sua deficiência com o desenvolvimento de patologias neurológicas e psiquiátricas. Portanto, o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar sistematicamente os efeitos da ingestão de EPA/DHA no SNC de humanos em diferentes faixas etárias e estados de saúde neurológica e psiquiátrica. Metodologia: Foi adotado o método PRISMA, a busca por estudos foi realizada na base de dados científicos Medline, sendo incluídos artigos publicados entre 2010-2021, publicados em língua inglesa, ensaios clínicos aleatórios (randomizados), e estudos observacionais. Resultados: 11 artigos foram selecionados e, em seguida, categorizados por temas. No desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor infantil, observou-se, com a suplementação, benefícios na aquisição da linguagem e obtenção de escores levemente melhores em testes neurológicos. Em adultos saudáveis, houve indícios de aumento na eficácia do processamento neural. No TDAH em crianças, melhores resultados em testes de atenção. Em indivíduos com esquizofrenia, houve menor perda da espessura cortical. Em idosos com déficit de memória ou doença de Alzheimer, maior oxigenação cerebral, menos inflamação e desaceleração da perda de massa cerebral. Conclusão: Constata-se, pela análise dos estudos, que os AGs EPA/DHA beneficiam o SNC por meio de efeitos no neurodesenvolvimento, função cognitiva, prevenção de doenças e como estratégia terapêutica adjuvante.
Palavras-chave: Ácido Docosa-Hexaenoico. Ácido Eicosapentaenoico. Neuroproteção. Transtorno do Neurodesenvolvimento. Demência
Flaxseed used since pregnancy by the mother and after weaning by the offspring benefits the retina and optic nerve development in rats
A linhaça (Linum usitatissimum) como fonte de ácido α-linolênico na formação da bainha de mielina Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) as a source of α-linolenic acid in the development of the myelin sheath
A linhaça (Linum usitatissimum) é uma semente oleaginosa que tem sido estudada por seus efeitos benéficos à saúde. É considerada um alimento funcional, pelo fato de ser uma fonte natural de fitoquímicos, e por conter o ácido graxo α-linolênico (C18:3 n-3), que pode ser metabolicamente convertido nos ácidos docosaexahenóico (C22:6 n-3) e eicosapentaenóico (C20:5 n-3), sendo o primeiro essencial para o desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central. Durante o crescimento do cérebro, há uma grande incorporação do ácido docosaexahenóico, que tem papel importante na formação de suas membranas celulares. Diante disto, esta comunicação visa a abordar os prováveis mecanismos pelos quais o ácido docosaexahenóico, proveniente do ácido α-linolênico presente abundantemente na semente de linhaça, interfere na formação da bainha de mielina, assim como relatar a técnica mais adequada para visualização desta bainha.<br>Flaxseed is an oily seed that has been studied for its beneficial health effects. It is considered a functional food because it is a natural source of phytochemicals and contain the fatty acid α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) that can be metabolically converted into docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3). The former is essential for the development of the central nervous system. During brain growth, there is a great incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid which plays in important role in the formation of cell membranes. This communication intended to address the likely mechanisms by which docosahexaenoic acid originating from α-linolenic acid, present in abundance in flaxseed, interferes in the formation of the myelin sheath and report the best method to see this structure