Review of Flywheel based Internal Combustion Engine Hybrid Vehicles

Hybrid vehicles of different configurations and utilizing different energy storage systems have existed in development for many decades and more recently in limited production. They can be grouped as parallel, series or complex hybrids. Another classification is micro, mild and full hybrids which makes the distinction on the basis of functionality. The common energy storage systems in hybrid vehicles are batteries, supercapacitors and high speed flywheels. This paper aims to review a specific type of hybrid vehicle which involves the internal combustion engine (ICE) as the prime mover and the high speed flywheel as an energy storage device. Such hybrids are now attracting considerable interest given their potential for low cost. It is hence timely to produce a review of research and development in this subject. The flywheel is coupled to the drive line with a continuous variable transmission (CVT). The CVT can be of various types such as electrical, hydraulic or mechanical but usually in this case it is a non-electrical one. Different configurations are possible and the paper provides a timeline of the development of such powertrains with various examples. These types of hybrid vehicles have existed as prototypes for many decades and the authors believe that their development has reached levels where they can be considered serious contenders for production vehicles

What Is Justice?

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A skeptic among scholars: August Frugé on university publishing

When August Frugé joined the University of California Press in 1944, it was part of the University's printing department, publishing a modest number of books a year, mainly monographs by UC faculty members. When he retired as director 32 years later, the Press had been transformed into one of the largest, most distinguished university presses in the country, publishing more than 150 books annually in fields ranging from ancient history to contemporary film criticism, by notable authors from all over the world. August Frugé's memoir provides an exciting intellectual and topical story of the building of this great press. Along the way, it recalls battles for independence from the University administration, the Press's distinctive early style of book design, and many of the authors and staff who helped shape the Press in its formative years

Shaping the Sierra: nature, culture, and conflict in the changing west

Timothy P. Duane documents the impact of rapid population growth on the culture, economy, and ecology of the Sierra Nevada since the late 1960s. He also recommends innovative policies for mitigating the negative effects of future population growth in this spectacular but threatened region, as well as throughout the rural west

Appels privés, significations individuelles. Histoire sociale du téléphone avant-guerre aux États-Unis

A psycho-historic analysis of personal use of the telephone by Americans in the first half of this century enables one to measure the real role of a practice which functioned before the war as a "social technology", as did the automobile. Reducing the number of unexpected visits, favouring the role of women, the telephone was an accelerator of social life. As for whether it facilitated romantic relationships - this issue was of course taken up by Puritan circles!Une analyse psycho-historique de l'utilisation privée du téléphone par les Américains dans la première moitié de ce siècle permet de mesurer le rôle d'une pratique qui fonctionna avant guerre comme une « technologie de sociabilité », comme le fit par ailleurs l'automobile. Diminuant le nombre des visites spontanées, privilégiant le rôle des femmes, le téléphone constitua un accélérateur de la vie sociale. Quant à savoir s'il facilita les relations amoureuses, le débat fut évidemment posé par les milieux puritains...Fischer Claude, University of California Press, Herbulot Florence. Appels privés, significations individuelles. Histoire sociale du téléphone avant-guerre aux États-Unis. In: Réseaux, volume 10, n°55, 1992. Les usages du téléphone. pp. 65-103