Assessment of the Uncoated Carbide inserts in end milling of Titanium Alloy Ti-6AI-4V

This paper investigates the effect of the uncoated carbide inserts in end milling of titanium alloy Ti-6AI-4V under dry conditions. CNC Bridgeport VMC machining was employed during the experimentations. Sandvick end milling of uncoated tungsten carbide inserts were chosen as the cutting tools. The effect of cutting parameter, i.e. cutting speed, feed, and axial depth of cut on tool wear morphology, surface roughness and chip segmentations are comprehensively investigated. Scanning electron microscope is utilized for these purposes. Flank wear has been considered as the criteria for tool failure and the wear was measured using a scanning electron microscope. Primary and secondary chip serrations also appear on the chip segmentations. The surface of titanium alloy is easily damaged during machining operations due to their poor machinability. Surface roughness generally increases with the increase of feed

Assessment of the Uncoated Carbide inserts in end milling of Titanium Alloy Ti-6AI-4V

This paper investigates the effect of the uncoated carbide inserts in end milling of titanium alloy Ti-6AI-4V under dry conditions. CNC Bridgeport VMC machining was employed during the experimentations. Sandvick end milling of uncoated tungsten carbide inserts were chosen as the cutting tools. The effect of cutting parameter, i.e. cutting speed, feed, and axial depth of cut on tool wear morphology, surface roughness and chip segmentations are comprehensively investigated. Scanning electron microscope is utilized for these purposes. Flank wear has been considered as the criteria for tool failure and the wear was measured using a scanning electron microscope. Primary and secondary chip serrations also appear on the chip segmentations. The surface of titanium alloy is easily damaged during machining operations due to their poor machinability. Surface roughness generally increases with the increase of feed

1-Allyl-3-methyl-3′,5′-diphenyl­spiro­[quinoxaline-2(1H),2′(3′H)-[1,3,4]thia­diazole]

In the title spiro compound, C25H22N4S, the planar quinoxaline (r.m.s. deviation = 0.070 Å) and planar thia­diazole (r.m.s. deviation = 0.060 Å) ring systems share a common C atom; their mean planes are aligned at 89.7 (1)°. The thia­zole ring possesses two aromatic ring substituents and is nearly coplanar with these rings [the dihedral angles between the thia­diazole and phenyl rings are 5.7 (1) and 10.7 (1)°]. The allyl unit is disordered over two positions in a 0.65 (1):0.35 (1) ratio

1-Benzyl-3-methyl-3′,5′-diphenyl­spiro­[quinoxaline-2(1H),2′(3′H)-1,3,4-thia­diazole]

In the title spiro compound, C29H24N4S, the quinoxaline and thia­diazole ring systems share a common C atom; their mean planes are aligned at 87.0 (1)° in one mol­ecule and at 84.1 (1)° in the other independent mol­ecule. The thia­zole ring possesses two aromatic ring substituents and is roughly coplanar with these rings [the dihedral angles between the thia­diazole and phenyl rings are 10.7 (1) and 11.7 (1)° in one mol­ecule, and 16.8 (1) and 17.7 (1)° in the other]. The aromatic ring of the benzyl unit of one mol­ecule is disordered over two orientations in a 1:1 ratio

Increasing the civil service retirement age in Hong Kong : a study of policy processes and dynamics

published_or_final_versionPolitics and Public AdministrationMasterMaster of Public Administratio

Antibody stabilization for thermally accelerated deep immunostaining

Antibodies have diverse applications due to their high reaction specificities but are sensitive to denaturation when a higher working temperature is required. We have developed a simple, highly scalable and generalizable chemical approach for stabilizing off-the-shelf antibodies against thermal and chemical denaturation. We demonstrate that the stabilized antibodies (termed SPEARs) can withstand up to 4 weeks of continuous heating at 55 °C and harsh denaturants, and apply our method to 33 tested antibodies. SPEARs enable flexible applications of thermocycling and denaturants to dynamically modulate their binding kinetics, reaction equilibrium, macromolecular diffusivity and aggregation propensity. In particular, we show that SPEARs permit the use of a thermally facilitated three-dimensional immunolabeling strategy (termed ThICK staining), achieving whole mouse brain immunolabeling within 72 h, as well as nearly fourfold deeper penetration with threefold less antibodies in human brain tissue. With faster deep-tissue immunolabeling and broad compatibility with tissue processing and clearing methods without the need for any specialized equipment, we anticipate the wide applicability of ThICK staining with SPEARs for deep immunostaining

Postgraduate ethics training programs: a systematic scoping review

BACKGROUND: Molding competent clinicians capable of applying ethics principles in their practice is a challenging task, compounded by wide variations in the teaching and assessment of ethics in the postgraduate setting. Despite these differences, ethics training programs should recognise that the transition from medical students to healthcare professionals entails a longitudinal process where ethics knowledge, skills and identity continue to build and deepen over time with clinical exposure. A systematic scoping review is proposed to analyse current postgraduate medical ethics training and assessment programs in peer-reviewed literature to guide the development of a local physician training curriculum. METHODS: With a constructivist perspective and relativist lens, this systematic scoping review on postgraduate medical ethics training and assessment will adopt the Systematic Evidence Based Approach (SEBA) to create a transparent and reproducible review. RESULTS: The first search involving the teaching of ethics yielded 7669 abstracts with 573 full text articles evaluated and 66 articles included. The second search involving the assessment of ethics identified 9919 abstracts with 333 full text articles reviewed and 29 articles included. The themes identified from the two searches were the goals and objectives, content, pedagogy, enabling and limiting factors of teaching ethics and assessment modalities used. Despite inherent disparities in ethics training programs, they provide a platform for learners to apply knowledge, translating it to skill and eventually becoming part of the identity of the learner. Illustrating the longitudinal nature of ethics training, the spiral curriculum seamlessly integrates and fortifies prevailing ethical knowledge acquired in medical school with the layering of new specialty, clinical and research specific content in professional practice. Various assessment methods are employed with special mention of portfolios as a longitudinal assessment modality that showcase the impact of ethics training on the development of professional identity formation (PIF). CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic scoping review has elicited key learning points in the teaching and assessment of ethics in the postgraduate setting. However, more research needs to be done on establishing Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA)s in ethics, with further exploration of the use of portfolios and key factors influencing its design, implementation and assessment of PIF and micro-credentialling in ethics practice. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-021-02644-5