A Macrophage Membrane-Coated Cu–WO_3–<i>x</i>-Hydro820 Nanoreactor for Treatment and Photoacoustic/Fluorescence Dual-Mode Imaging of Inflamed Liver Tissue

A disease-targeting nanoplatform that integrates imaging with therapeutic activity would facilitate early diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic monitoring. To this end, a macrophage membrane-coated Cu–WO3–x-Hydro820 (CWHM) nanoreactor was prepared. This reactor was shown to target inflammatory tissues. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 and ·OH in inflammatory tissues can react with Hydro820 in the reactor to form the NIR fluorophore IR820. This process allowed photoacoustic/fluorescence dual-mode imaging of H2O2 and ·OH, and it is expected to permit visual diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. The Cu–WO3–x nanoparticles within the nanoreactor shown catalase and superoxide enzyme mimetic activity, allowing the nanoreactor to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 and ·O2– in inflammatory cells of hepatic tissues in a mouse model of liver injury, thus alleviating the oxidative stress of damaged liver tissue. This nanoreactor illustrates a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis and inflammatory liver injury