Development of a Colorimetric Sensor Array for the Discrimination of Chinese Liquors Based on Selected Volatile Markers Determined by GC-MS

A new colorimetric sensor array was developed for the discrimination of 12 high-alcoholic Chinese base liquors from Luzhou Co., Ltd., and 15 commercial Chinese liquor of different brands as well as flavor types. Seventeen volatile compounds within four chemical groups were determined as markers in the base liquor by GC-MS analysis and factor analysis method (FAM). A specialized colorimetric sensor array composed of 20 sensitive dots was fabricated accordingly to obtain sensitive interaction with different types of volatile markers. Discrimination of the liquor samples was subsequently performed using chemometric and statistical methods, including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The results suggested that facile identification of either base liquors with high-alcoholic volume or commercial liquors of the same flavor types could be achieved by analysis of the color change profiles. The response of the sensor improved significantly in comparison with those that rely on nonspecific interactions, and no misclassification was observed for both liquor samples using two chemometric methods. Besides, it was also found that the discrimination is closely related to the characteristic flavor compounds (esters, aldehydes, and acids) and alcoholic strength in liquors, and its performance was even comparable with that of GC-MS

Applications of the emergency carpet on flat ground.

<p>A: Carrying on the back by one man. B: Carrying by two men. C: Placing the victim in the ambulance. D: Compatible with MRI scan.</p

Summary of survey results collected from emergency care providers.

<p>Summary of survey results collected from emergency care providers.</p

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<p>A: The human-shaped fabric bag. B: Material cans (two sets), fabric bag, roller, and stick. C: Musette bag containing the whole set of emergency carpet. D: Emergency provider shouldering two musette bags easily.</p

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<p>A: Compression fracture of lumbar vertebra confirmed by X-ray (lateral view, arrows). B: Compression fracture of lumbar vertebra confirmed by CT (arrows).</p

Patients of vertebral column injuries transported with the emergency carpet.

<p>Patients of vertebral column injuries transported with the emergency carpet.</p

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<p>A: Transportation on a steep slope. B: Sliding as a sleigh. C: Upright transportation within a pipeline. D: Shouldering by two men in a mountain area. E: Suspension in the high-rise building.</p