Anomalous in-plane magnetic anisotropy in strain-mediated converse magnetoelectric coupling

Magnetic axis rotation (MAR) in ferromagnetic (FM) layers is crucial for strain-mediated converse magnetoelectric coupling. Employing the density functional theory (DFT), we computationally study the magnetic anisotropy of selected deformed FM materials such as body-centered iron. The results show that the short axis is more energy-favorable at high in-plane strain difference than previously predicted phenomenologically. This anomalous trend and the complex energy behaviors at different strain conditions explain why spin-lattice dynamics (SLD) simulation does not produce in-plane MAR and imply couplings between different energy terms together with high order coefficient contributions

Down-regulation of NRIP1 alleviates pyroptosis in human lens epithelial cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide by inhibiting NF-κB activation

Purpose: To investigate the role of nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) in oxidative stressinduced apoptosis and pyroptosis in cataract disease.Methods: Human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3 cells) were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). NRIP1 expression in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated HLE-B3 cells was determined by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CCK8 and EdU staining were used to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to assess pyroptosis.Results: NRIP1 was significantly up-regulated in HLE-B3 cells post-H2O2 incubation (p < 0.01). Hydrogen peroxide incubation reduced cell viability and proliferation of HLE-B3 cells, while NRIP1 knockdown enhanced cell viability and proliferation. NRIP1 silencing attenuated the H2O2-induced increase in NLRP3, N-terminal domain of gasdermin D, caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in HLEB3 cells, but suppressed the pyroptosis of H2O2-treated HLE-B3 cells. Hydrogen peroxide incubation down-regulated protein expression of cytoplasmic NF-κB and up-regulated nuclear NF-κB, while the expression of cytoplasmic NF-κB was increased and nuclear NF-κB was decreased in HLE-B3 cells by HLE-B3 interference.Conclusion: NRIP1 down-regulation represses apoptosis and pyroptosis of H2O2-treated human lens epithelial cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation, thus, providing a potential strategy to treat cataract disease

Relationship between the cumulative exposure to atherogenic index of plasma and ischemic stroke: A retrospective cohort study

Background: Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been demonstrated as a surrogate marker for ischemic stroke, but there is limited evidence for the effect of long-term elevation of AIP on ischemic stroke. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the relationship between cumulative exposure to AIP and the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods: A total of 54,123 participants in the Kailuan Study who attended consecutive health examinations in 2006, 2008, and 2010 and had no history of ischemic stroke or cancer were included. The time-weighted cumulative AIP (cumAIP) was calculated as a weighted sum of the mean AIP values for each time interval and then normalized to the total duration of exposure (2006–2010). Participants were divided into four groups according to quartile of cumAIP: the Q1 group, ≤ −0.50; Q2 group, − 0.50 to − 0.12; Q3 group, − 0.12 to 0.28; and Q4 group, ≥ 0.28. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the relationship between cumAIP and ischemic stroke by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: After a median follow-up of 11.03 years, a total of 2,742 new ischemic stroke events occurred. The risk of ischemic stroke increased with increasing quartile of cumAIP. After adjustment for potential confounders, Cox regression models showed that participants in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups had significantly higher risks of ischemic stroke than those in the Q1 group. The HRs (95% CIs) for ischemic stroke in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were 1.17 (1.03, 1.32), 1.33 (1.18, 1.50), and 1.45 (1.28, 1.64), respectively. The longer duration of high AIP exposure was significantly associated with increased ischemic stroke risk. Conclusions: High cumulative AIP is associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke, which implies that the long-term monitoring and maintenance of an appropriate AIP may help prevent such events

Association of Cardiovascular Health Score Trajectory With Incident Myocardial Infarction in Hypertensive Patients

Background: The association between changes in cardiovascular health score (CHS) over time and myocardial infarction (MI) risk in hypertensive patients remains unclear. Method: This was a prospective study comprising 17 374 hypertensive patients from the Kailuan study cohort who underwent 3 surveys and were identified to be free of MI, stroke, or cancer from 2006 to 2010. CHS consisted of 7 cardiovascular health metrics (plasma glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, salt intake), ranging from 0 (worst) to 13 (best) in the study. CHS trajectories were developed during 2006 to 2010 to predict the MI risk from 2010 to 2020. Additionally, the Cox proportional hazard model was established to calculate the hazard ratio and 95% CI of incident MI in different trajectory groups. Result: This study identified the 5 CHS trajectories from 2006 to 2010: low-stable (n=1161; range, 4.7-4.5), moderate-decreasing (n=3928; decreased from 6.9 to 6.0), moderate-increasing (n=1014; increased from 5.6 to 7.8), high-stable I (n=7940; range, 8.1-8.2), and high-stable II (n=3331; range, 9.2-9.7). During the median follow-up of 10.04 years, 288 incident MI cases were identified. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with low-stable group, the hazard ratio and 95% CI of MI were 0.24 (0.15-0.40) for high-stable II, 0.36 (0.24-0.54) for high-stable I, 0.46 (0.25-0.83) for moderate-increasing, and 0.61 (0.41-0.90) for moderate-decreasing, respectively. Conclusions: In hypertensive patients, high-stable CHS or improvement in CHS is associated with a lower risk of incident MI, when compared with low-stable CHS trajectory over time.</p

Triglyceride-glucose index trajectory and stroke incidence in patients with hypertension:a prospective cohort study

Background It has been suggested that the baseline triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate measure for insulin resistance, is significantly associated with the occurrence of stroke. Nevertheless, the impact of longitudinal patterns of TyG on the stroke risk in hypertensive patients is still unknown. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between TyG index trajectory and stroke risk among hypertensive patients. Methods This prospective study included 19,924 hypertensive patients from the Kailuan Study who underwent three waves survey and were free of myocardial infarction, cancer and stroke before or during 2010. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) x fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2], and latent mixed modelling was used to identify the trajectory of TyG during the exposure period (2006-2010). Furthermore, the Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident stroke of different trajectory groups. Results Five distinct TyG trajectory were identified during 2006-2010: low-stable (n = 2483; range, 8.03-8.06), moderate low-stable (n = 9666; range, 8.58-8.57), moderate high-stable (n = 5759; range, 9.16-9.09), elevated-stable (n = 1741; range, 9.79-9.75), and elevated-increasing (n = 275; range, 10.38-10.81). During the median follow-up of 9.97 years, 1,519 cases of incident stroke were identified, including 1,351 with ischemic stroke and 215 with hemorrhage stroke. After adjusting for confounding variables, the HR and 95% CI of stroke were 2.21 (1.49,3.28) for the elevated-increasing group, 1.43 (1.13,1.83) for the elevated-stable group, 1.35 (1.10,1.64) for the moderate high-stable group, 1.26 (1.06,1.52) for the moderate low-stable group, respectively, when compare with the low-stable group. Similar results were observed in ischemic stroke, but a significant association was not found between TyG trajectory and risk of hemorrhage stroke. Conclusion A long-term elevated TyG index in hypertensive patients is associated with an increased risk of stroke, especially ischemic stroke. This finding implies that regular monitoring of TyG index may assist in identifying individuals at a higher risk of stroke among patients with hypertension

Disco-Bench: A Discourse-Aware Evaluation Benchmark for Language Modelling

Modeling discourse -- the linguistic phenomena that go beyond individual sentences, is a fundamental yet challenging aspect of natural language processing (NLP). However, existing evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on the evaluation of inter-sentence properties and overlook critical discourse phenomena that cross sentences. To bridge the gap, we propose Disco-Bench, a benchmark that can evaluate intra-sentence discourse properties across a diverse set of NLP tasks, covering understanding, translation, and generation. Disco-Bench consists of 9 document-level testsets in the literature domain, which contain rich discourse phenomena (e.g. cohesion and coherence) in Chinese and/or English. For linguistic analysis, we also design a diagnostic test suite that can examine whether the target models learn discourse knowledge. We totally evaluate 20 general-, in-domain and commercial models based on Transformer, advanced pretraining architectures and large language models (LLMs). Our results show (1) the challenge and necessity of our evaluation benchmark; (2) fine-grained pretraining based on literary document-level training data consistently improves the modeling of discourse information. We will release the datasets, pretrained models, and leaderboard, which we hope can significantly facilitate research in this field: https://github.com/longyuewangdcu/Disco-Bench.Comment: Zhaopeng Tu is the corresponding autho

Association of Age of Metabolic Syndrome Onset With Cardiovascular Diseases:The Kailuan Study

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the association between the new-onset MetS at different ages and the CVD risk remain unclear. METHODS: This was a prospective study comprising a total of 72,986 participants without MetS and CVD who participated in the Kailuan study baseline survey (July 2006 to October 2007). All participants received the biennial follow-up visit until December 31, 2019. In addition, 26,411 patients with new-onset MetS were identified from follow-up, and one control participant was randomly selected for each of them as a match for age ( ± 1 year) and sex. In the end, a total of 25,125 case-control pairs were involved. Moreover, the Cox proportional hazard model was established to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) for incident CVD across the onset age groups. RESULTS: According to the median follow-up for 8.47 years, 2,319 cases of incident CVD occurred. As MetS onset age increased, CVD hazards gradually decreased after adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with non-MetS controls, the HR and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for CVD were 1.84 (1.31–2.57) in the MetS onset age <45 years group, 1.67 (1.42–1.95) for the 45–54 years group, 1.36 (1.18–1.58) for the 55–64 years group, and 1.28 (1.10–1.50) for the ≥65 years group, respectively (p for interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The relative risks of CVD differed across MetS onset age groups, and the associations was more intense in the MetS onset group at a younger age

Changes in Impaired Fasting Glucose and Borderline High Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Status Alter the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease:A 9-Year Prospective Cohort Study

BackgroundWe aimed to characterize the relationships of the changes in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and borderline high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) status with cardiovascular disease (CVD). MethodsA total of 36,537 participants who did not have previous CVD, diabetes mellitus, or high LDL-C (>= 4.1 mmol/L), nor were taking lipid-lowering drugs were recruited from the Kailuan study. The participants were allocated to six groups according to their baseline and follow-up fasting blood glucose (FBG) and LDL-C concentrations: (1) both were normal; (2) both normal at baseline, one abnormality subsequently; (3) both normal at baseline, both abnormal subsequently; (4) at least one abnormality that became normal; (5) at least one abnormality at baseline, a single abnormality subsequently; and (6) at least one abnormality, two abnormalities subsequently. The outcomes were CVD and subtypes of CVD (myocardial infarction and stroke). Multiple Cox regression models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (95% CI). ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 9.00 years, 1,753 participants experienced a CVD event. After adjustment for covariates, participants with IFG in combination with a borderline high LDL-C status at baseline and follow-up had higher risks of CVD (HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04-2.23 and HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13-1.70, respectively) compared with those with normal fasting blood glucose and LDL-C. Compared with participants that remained normal, those who changed from normality to having two abnormalities were at a higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.98-1.61), as were those who changed from at least one abnormality to two abnormalities (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.02-2.15). ConclusionChanges in IFG and borderline high LDL-C status alter the risk of CVD and its subtype, implying that it is important to focus on such individuals for the prevention and control of CVD