Exact Solutions to Sourceless Charged Massive Scalar Field Equation on Kerr-Newman Background

The separated radial part of a sourceless massive complex scalar field equation on the Kerr-Newman black hole background is shown to be a generalized spin-weighted spheroidal wave equation of imaginary number order. While the separated angular part is an ordinary spheroidal wave equation. General exact solutions in integral forms and in power series expansion as well as several special solutions with physical interest are given for the radial equation in the non-extreme case. In the extreme case, power series solution to the radial equation is briefly studied. Recurrence relations between coefficients in power series expansion of general solutions and connection between the radial equation are discussed in both cases.Comment: 22 Pages, in LaTex, no figure, to appear in J. Math. Phy

An integrated approach to global synchronization and state estimation for nonlinear singularly perturbed complex networks

This paper aims to establish a unified framework to handle both the exponential synchronization and state estimation problems for a class of nonlinear singularly perturbed complex networks (SPCNs). Each node in the SPCN comprises both 'slow' and 'fast' dynamics that reflects the singular perturbation behavior. General sector-like nonlinear function is employed to describe the nonlinearities existing in the network. All nodes in the SPCN have the same structures and properties. By utilizing a novel Lyapunov functional and the Kronecker product, it is shown that the addressed SPCN is synchronized if certain matrix inequalities are feasible. The state estimation problem is then studied for the same complex network, where the purpose is to design a state estimator to estimate the network states through available output measurements such that dynamics (both slow and fast) of the estimation error is guaranteed to be globally asymptotically stable. Again, a matrix inequality approach is developed for the state estimation problem. Two numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness and merits of the proposed synchronization scheme and state estimation formulation. It is worth mentioning that our main results are still valid even if the slow subsystems within the network are unstable

Dedifferentiation: A new approach in stem cell research

Dedifferentiation is an important biological phenomenon whereby cells regress from a specialized function to a simpler state reminiscent of stem cells. Stem cells are self-renewing cells capable of giving rise to differentiated cells when supplied with the appropriate factors. Stem cells that are derived by dedifferentiation of one's own cells could be a new resource for regenerative medicine, one that poses no risk of genetic incompatibility or immune rejection and provokes fewer ethical debates than the use of stem cells derived from embryonic tissue. Until now, it has not been quite clear why some differentiated cell types can dedifferentiate and proliferate, whereas others cannot. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in dedifferentiation may enable scientists to control and possibly alter the plasticity of the differentiated state, which may lead to benefits not only in stem cell research but also in regenerative medicine and even tumor biology. If so, dedifferentiation will offer an ethically acceptable alternative route to obtain an abundant source of stem cells. Dedifferentiation is likely to become a new focus of stem cell research. Here we compile recent advances in this emerging but significant research, highlighting its central concepts, research findings, possible signaling pathways, and potential applications.published_or_final_versio

Non-existence of New Quantum Ergosphere Effect of a Vaidya-type Black Hole

Hawking evaporation of Dirac particles and scalar fields in a Vaidya-type black hole is investigated by the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. It is shown that Hawking radiation of Dirac particles does not exist for $P_1, Q_2$ components but for $P_2, Q_1$ components in any Vaidya-type black holes. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon change with time. The thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles is the same as that of Klein-Gordon particles. We demonstrates that there is no new quantum ergosphere effect in the thermal radiation of Dirac particles in any spherically symmetry black holes.Comment: Latex, 9 pages, no figure, submitted to Mod. Phys. Lett.

Learning the attribute selection measures for decision tree

Decision tree has most widely used for classification. However the main influence of decision tree classification performance is attribute selection problem. The paper considers a number of different attribute selection measures and experimentally examines their behavior in classification. The results show that the choice of measure doesn't affect the classification accuracy, but the size of the tree is influenced significantly. The main effect of the new attribute selection measures which base on normal gain and distance is that they generate smaller trees than traditional attribute selection measures. © 2013 SPIE