Global Matrix 4.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Adolescents: Results and Analyses From 57 Countries

Background: The Global Matrix 4.0 on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents was developed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the global variation in children’s and adolescents’ (5–17 y) PA, related measures, and key sources of influence. The objectives of this article were (1) to summarize the findings from the Global Matrix 4.0 Report Cards, (2) to compare indicators across countries, and (3) to explore trends related to the Human Development Index and geo-cultural regions. Methods: A total of 57 Report Card teams followed a harmonized process to grade the 10 common PA indicators. An online survey was conducted to collect Report Card Leaders’ top 3 priorities for each PA indicator and their opinions on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted child and adolescent PA indicators in their country. Results: Overall Physical Activity was the indicator with the lowest global average grade (D), while School and Community and Environment were the indicators with the highest global average grade (C+). An overview of the global situation in terms of surveillance and prevalence is provided for all 10 common PA indicators, followed by priorities and examples to support the development of strategies and policies internationally. Conclusions: The Global Matrix 4.0 represents the largest compilation of children’s and adolescents’ PA indicators to date. While variation in data sources informing the grades across countries was observed, this initiative highlighted low PA levels in children and adolescents globally. Measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, local/international conflicts, climate change, and economic change threaten to worsen this situation

Optimization of oil yield from Hevea brasiliensis seeds through ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction via response surface methodology

The demand for oil has been increasing vastly over time, and the source of this has slowly been diminishing. The use of non-food feedstock is seen as a promising alternative source for the production of bio-based fuel. In this study, rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seeds were utilized as biomass in bio-oil production considering that these are non-edible and considered wastes in rubber tree plantations. In the oil extraction process, the rubber seed kernels were oven dried at 100 °C for 24 h, powdered and then dried further at 105 °C for 4 h. After characterization, optimization study was done using Design Expert 7.0 software through central composite design of the response surface methodology. Ultrasonication technology was employed in the oil extraction process which significantly reduced the reaction time needed for extraction to 15 min compared the conventional extraction method of at least 8 h. An optimum rubber seed oil (RSO) yield of 30.3 ± 0.3% was obtained using 15 g biomass, 5:1 n-hexane to biomass (mL gâ1) ratio, 50 μm resonance amplitude and 60 ± 5 °C temperature at 15 min reaction time. The oil yield at optimum condition was found to have 0.89 g mLâ1 density at room temperature, 26.7 cSt kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and high heating value of 39.2 MJ kgâ1. The Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation spectroscopy analysis of the RSO, at optimum condition, showed the presence of carboxylic acid and ester carbonyl functional groups which are good indicators as a potential source of biodiesel. Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, Oil extraction, Optimization, Response surface methodology, Rubber seed oil, Ultrasonic-assisted solvent extractio

U.S.-Philippine Interactions as Reflected in Oral Histories

Recorded 1 August 1979. Oral history interviews collected as part of a project of the University of Michigan Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, funded by the Henry Luce Foundation, on "U.S.-Philippine Interactions as Reflected in Oral Histories." Interviews were conducted by 3 graduate students: Michael Cullinane (Doctoral Candidate, History, University of Michigan), Steffi San Buenaventura (Doctoral Candidate, American Studies, University of Hawaii), and Fe Susan Go (Masters candidate, South East Asian Studies, University of Michigan). Interviewees included 17 early Filipino migrants to Hawaii, in particular those who had joined the Filipino Federation of America (founded by Hilario Camino Moncado in 1925 in Los Angeles).Henry Luce Foundation: "U.S.-Philippine Interactions as Reflected in Oral Histories"http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/1/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_1_side_A.mp3http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/2/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_1_side_B.mp3http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/3/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_2_side_A.mp3http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/4/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_2_side_B.mp3http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/5/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_3_side_A.mp3http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/6/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_3_side_B.mp3http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/7/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_4_side_A.mp3http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/8/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_4_side_B.mp3http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/9/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_1_side_A.aifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/10/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_1_side_B.aifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/11/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_2_side_A.aifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/12/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_2_side_B.aifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/13/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_3_side_A.aifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/14/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_3_side_B.aifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/15/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_4_side_A.aifhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107431/16/T_Bareng_1_Aug_1979_cassette_4_side_B.ai