C−H Bond Activation by Air-Stable [(Diimine)M^(II)(μ_2-OH)]_2^(2+)Dimers (M = Pd, Pt)

Air- and water-tolerant C−H activation is observed in reactions of [(diimine)Pt(μ_2-OH)]_2^(2+) dimers with allylic and benzylic C−H groups. The reactions proceed in good yields under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies indicate that the active species is the monomeric [(diimine)Pt(OH_2)]^(2+) dication. The related palladium species, [(diimine)Pd(μ_2-OH)_2]^(2+), exhibit similar stoichiometric activations and also effect catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene to benzene with molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant

Problems of Filing in an Accountant\u27s office

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_assoc/3082/thumbnail.jp

River transport 1189-1600

The purpose of this thesis is to establish the extent of river transportation in the period 1189 - 1600. Investigation is made as to which rivers were physically usable, which were legally usable and the comparative cost of land and river transport. The evidence of historic use is examined and these records are compared with the recent limits of use of the rivers. Hence an estimate is made as to which sections of rivers were probably used during that period. The principles of fluvial geomorphology have been used to estimate past channel changes. The legal records have been studied and analysed. Considerable evidence of the use of rivers has been found which materially increases the lengths of rivers for which there are records of historic use. It is concluded that:- 1. all rivers which were physically usable were legally usable, 2. there is a high probability that each section of a river which is now physically usable was usable by small boats in the period 1189-1600, 3. on the balance of probabilities each section of a river which is now physically usable was used during that period. Finally the implication of this research for the present day law relating to public access on rivers is considered

Broiler battles: Contested intensive poultry unit developments in a policy void

Intensive livestock production in the UK is spatially concentrated in certain counties where its proliferation has triggered increasing controversy over multiple impacts and externalities. Planning authorities have struggled to handle the increasing contestation within a policy void and weakened institutional context, under the influence of the longstanding agricultural hegemony which normalises intensive farming. In the first significant UK study of such planning contestations this paper presents data on the rapid growth of the poultry industry in Herefordshire and Shropshire and how this triggered conflict during the 2010s between the agri-industrial sector and increasing numbers of objectors. Poultry farmer motivations are explored and a typology of farming situations is suggested. The paper reveals how a new public of objectors mobilised to campaign against intensive livestock developments on multiple environmental, economic, health and quality of life grounds. Tracing the power relations within and between the groups of actors reveals multiple uncertainties over impacts, particularly cumulative water and air pollution and a lack of trust in both technocratic planning processes and politicised decision making. The research suggests the planning authorities should address the policy void, acknowledge the uncertainties and take a more open, proactive and strategic approach to locating intensive livestock operations

Creating a stink: Controversies over intensive poultry unit developments in Herefordshire and Shropshire: contested values, knowledge and experience

This research explores the contested relations triggered by planning applications for intensive poultry units (IPUs) in Herefordshire and Shropshire. Using a threefold theoretical approach inspired by Actor Network Theory, Pragmatism and Phenomenology the research traces the values and concerns of the polarised networks of actors in both the agricultural sector and the new public which emerged to object to applications. I explore the knowledge constructed and deployed in the planning arena and the disconnects between scientific reports into predicted odour, noise and visual impacts and the lay knowledge and experiences of people in IPU localities. Tracing the relations within and between the groups of human and non-human actors reveals multiple uncertainties over IPU impacts, particularly cumulative water and air pollution and how tourism may be affected. Documentary analysis, interviews and meeting observations reveal how planning authorities have struggled to handle the increasing contestation within a policy vacuum and weakened institutional context. The longstanding agricultural hegemony is found to normalise intensive farming and colonise competing sectors. Objectors increasingly lack trust in technocratic planning processes and politicised decision-making. Mobilising ethnographic methods has enabled an exploration of the multi-sensory, material and emotional responses of people to industrial premises in rural settings and emergent associated surveillance and exclusion. The competing framings and rationalities at play in the situation are identified as objectors have begun to challenge scientised evidence and hold authorities to account. The research contributes new understandings of the little-researched UK intensive livestock production sector: how power relations have been enacted and begun to shift and the gradual slow violence and ecocide impacting multiple rural localities. I identify how governance structures could respond more effectively through acknowledging uncertainties, incorporating multiple perspectives and experiences and taking a more open and strategic approach to intensive livestock production

Effect of DDGS manure on soil and plant: preliminary results of the greenhouse study

Non-Peer ReviewedThe use of dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) in feedlot cattle diets is increasing as the bio-ethanol industry expands. Manure derived from dried distiller’s grain with solubles (DDGS) fed cattle seem to have higher amounts of N and P than manure from regular grain fed cattle. This study investigates how DDGS manure affects soil fertility and nutrient uptake by barley grown in a controlled greenhouse environment. Both DDGS and regular manure were applied at 30, 60, 120 and 180 Mg ha-1 yr-1 to a sand soil. The results of the first 3 harvest cycles indicate that both types of manure resulted in similar increase in plant total P content. However, soil TP and available P concentrations in DDGS manure treatments were higher. Soil available in DDGS treatments was twice as much of that in regular manure. Increase in soil TN and available N contents was similar with both types of manure. Plant TN content did not seem to be influenced by manure application. This study indicates that the main concern with the use of DDGS manure is its high P solubility. However, no significant increase in soil available P was observed at a manure rate of 30 Mg ha-1 yr-1