Preface for CEEPE 2020 Proceedings

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1585, 2020 the 3rd International Conference on Energy, Electrical and Power Engineering (CEEPE 2020) 24-26 April 2020, Chongqing, ChinaThe 3rd International Conference on Energy, Electrical, and Power Engineering (CEEPE) was planned to be held in April 24-26, 2020, in Chongqing, China, and was co-sponsored by the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Wuhan University, China; Shandong University, China; South Asia Institute of Science and Engineering (SAISE) and IEEE PES Chongqing Chapter. Due to the unexpected COVID 19 pandemic, that closed the world to national and international travel, the organization decided to hold the CEEPE 2020 totally online. It was a challenge, not only to the organizers, but also to the participants who were delivering their speeches using videoconference tools, under different time zones. This conference brought together researchers and engineers in academia and industry from China, Iraq, Japan and Portugal to discuss the latest developments and implementation, in these countries, of electrical power in applications ranging from commercial generation and distribution, to electric vehicles, with a particular focus on renewable energy integration in power systems, automation and control systems. Although there was not the opportunity to meet face-to-face under a live social environment, attendees from different areas of the world could interact under the videoconference tool, clarify their doubts and establish business and technical connections. The proceedings of these presentations are listed here in peer reviewed, written form.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sustainable development in higher education: Different teaching & learning approaches

Linking the economic, social and environmental aspects of any plan, project or activity is fundamental to act according to the sustainable development goals. These three dimensions are interrelated and interconnected in such a way that it is sometimes very hard to discriminate what their individual effects are, or on the contrary, how their joint effects are synergistic. And if this is generically a difficult task, when it comes to education the difficulty becomes even more significant, as one must be very careful defining concepts in an absolutely clear and undoubtful way. While the specialization is required to educate professionals able to accurately project and build these projects, it is now mandatory that everyone is also able to understand the causes and effects of their actions, towards sustainable development. In this Track, different teaching & learning approaches have been presented and discussed, aiming to use Higher Education as a highway to educate the professionals of the near future as strategic partners for the development of different mindsets, able to tackle the real problems.This work was financially supported by project UID/EQU/00511/2019 – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy – LEPABE and by project UID/EQU/04730/2019 – Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, both funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ZELab: planning a living lab to educate modern engineering professionals

Buildings are now complex systems that traditionally have been studied in an isolated mode, seeking to respond to a specific need and dealing with a restricted set of variables. The targets established for energy efficient buildings and energy sustainability imply that these new systems are now more comprehensive and combine various independent systems. This new topology requires a new kind of engineering professionals trained in a more integrative and collaborative way. These new engineering professionals need to have not only expertise in a specific area, but also more comprehensive proficiencies that allow them to understand how to integrate their particular project into a wider functional system, and to communicate with experts from different areas. This paper addresses some challenges and issues posed to Higher Education institutions on the educational paradigms of future engineering professionals and proposes the ZELab teaching / research space as an integrative educational tool.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Kinetic-Based Model of Base-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production Process

Third generation biodiesel may prove to be a sustainable energy alternative to fossil fuels. Microalgae have a lot of potential as a biodiesel feedstock because of its high yield in lipids (up to 30, 50 or 70 wt% of dry biomass) [1]. Nevertheless, technical, economical and environmental problems have still to be solved before diesel from oil-producing microalgae becomes commercial.[...]N/

Energy transition in a business company – solar PV for a car fleet

Fossil fuels are increasingly limited in today's world, causing an energy crisis due to external factors, increasing prices in international markets. To solve this global problem, the energy transition related to mobility in companies that oversee their car fleets is highlighted. This transition to electric mobility influences several economic, technical, and social aspects, thus it becomes crucial for companies to adapt their infrastructure and dynamics to have more sustainable practices. According to the 2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, 55% of Portuguese young people consider climate change when looking for a job. Furthermore, when asked about future car purchases, 84% of Portuguese car buyers say they will purchase either a hybrid or electric car, making Portugal the EU No. 1 country in terms of intentions to purchase electric cars. These statistics show the urgency for companies to adapt to future needs, as well as align with the European goals of reducing greenhouse gases emissions to 45% by 2030 and to zero by 2050.This work was financially supported by Base Funding – UIDB/04730/2020 of Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, Portugal, CIETI – funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), Portugal; LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE) and UIDB/00511/2020 - UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE) funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio

Macro Modelling of Electricity Price Towards Sdg7

Energy challenges are crucial issues to achieve Sustainable Development and its goals. Energy availability and affordability are pillars for ending poverty, giving access to commodities as well as water, etc. Modern lives rely on appliances and gadgets based on electric energy being its price a key issue making it worth to analyze and promote simple models able to predict electric energy prices to support in decision-making processes and in management. This work studied the correlation of electricity price with variables such as the electricity mix , GDP, energy productivity, electricity consumption per capita, fossil fuel reserves, and diesel price, using Spearman correlation. To the significant correlations found it was then applied the Kruskal-Wallis test and the variables that presented statistically significant differences were then considered to model electricity price based on these macro variables. Our findings revealed that the best models were a logarithmic and a linear model of energy productivity to predict electricity price. In the validation process, these models presented an average deviation of 10.3% and 11.7%, respectively, which is reasonable considering the simplicity of the models developed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Macro modeling of electricity price towards SDG7

Energy challenges are crucial issues to achieve Sustainable Development and its goals. Energy availability and affordability are pillars for ending poverty, giving access to commodities as well as water, etc. Modern lives rely on appliances and gadgets based on electric energy being its price a key issue making it worth to analyze and promote simple models able to predict electric energy prices to support in decision-making processes and in management. This work studied the correlation of electricity price with variables such as the electricity mix, GDP (gross domestic product), energy productivity, electricity consumption per capita, fossil fuel reserves, and diesel price, using Spearman correlation. To the significant correlations found it was then applied the Kruskal–Wallis test and the variables that presented statistically significant differences were then considered to model electricity price based on these macro variables. Our findings revealed that the best models were a logarithmic and a linear model of energy productivity to predict electricity price, which is fundamental to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), specifically SDG7. In the validation process, these models presented an average deviation of 10.3% and 11.7%, respectively, which is reasonable considering the simplicity of the models developed.This work was financially supported by Base Funding – UIDB/04730/2020 of Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, CIETI – funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Macro Modelling of Electricity Price Towards SDG7

ICEER2021 – the 8th International Conference on Energy and Environment ResearchEnergy is a very important issue to achieve Sustainable Development. Energy availability and affordability are key aspects for ending poverty and giving access to base commodities. In addition our daily lifes rely on electric appliances and gadgets to perform inumerous tasks so electricity price is a crucial issue due to its economic, environmental and social impacts. In this work it was studied the correlation of electricity price with the electricity mix from the several sources, GDP, energy productivity, electricity consumption per capita, fossil fuel reserves, and diesel price using Spearman correlation. The Kruskal-Wallis test was then applied considering the significant correlations and the macro variables that presented statistically significant differences were used to model electricity price. The logarithmic and linear model based on energy productivity to predict electricity price were the best models. The models were applied to the data and the average deviation was 10.3% and 11.7% which is satisfactory. Millions of people in the World are affected by electricity price and it is important to have models to predict electricity price to help in the decision-making process and in management.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

An overview of the evolution of civil engineering education towards sustainability in Portugal

Education is essential to prepare future professionals, preparing them for the labor market, by providing knowledge and practical experiences. The model that trains these professionals becomes crucial for professionals to adapt to the current needs of this market, which in itself is competitive and dynamic, so it is always in constant change of priorities and needs. It is undeniable that environmental and sustainability issues have become essential aspects in the performance of any business at a global level. Particularly, the concern with sustainability becomes evident in the field of civil engineering, due to the need of optimization of use of resources (raw materials, energy and water), that can have a huge impact on the environment, resulting both from reduction of consumption of resources, and pollutants emissions. Therefore, the MSc courses should have two levels of education on sustainability: at the mul-tidisciplinary level, Higher Education schools should offer courses specifically dedicated to sustainable development and sustainability should be analysed glob-ally; at the disciplinary level, each course should include the basic related concerns with sustainability issues. This work surveys civil engineering courses in Portugal and analyzes how subjects related to SDGs are directly or indirectly present in the respective curricula.This work was financially supported by Base Funding – UIDB/04730/2020 of Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, Portugal, CIETI – funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), Portugal; LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE) and UIDB/00511/2020 - UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE) funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).N/

Ground-source energy systems for building heating and cooling — A case study

6th International Conference on Energy and Environment ResearchThe growing concern about decarbonization of the energy production system led to the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). However, RES has the drawback of being inherently intermittent and lack controllability, placing limitations on their use. To avoid such limitations, the exploitation of a wide range of energy storage strategies that allow the balancing of energy production and demand is needed. One possibility is to use (BTES). This paper explores the use of BTES in a warehouse in Norway. The system presented in this Borehole Thermal Energy Storage study consists in hybridization of several technologies: PV-T solar panels, air, heat pumps and 8 geothermal wells.Authors thank the financial support of the project UID/EQU/00305/2013 – Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology – CIETI, Portugal. This work was financially supported by project UID/EQU/00511/2019 – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy – LEPABE funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), Portugal and Project LEPABE-2-ECO-INNOVATION, Portugal”– NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000005, funded by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Portugal .info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio