Wat mutt, dat mutt: 'Independent' modals in West Germanic vernaculars

The squib investigates the dialectal distribution of the Dutch construction type het kan/mag/moet, lit. ‘it can/may/must’, where a modal verb occurs ‘independently’ with an eventive subject and no infinitival complement. The construction is shown to be widely attested not only in traditional dialects of Dutch, but also in Frisian, Low German, and Afrikaans. We suggest that the construction, which does not occur in standard German or English, is an areal feature shared by the West Germanic vernaculars of northwestern Germany and the Low Countries, including the South African ‘side branch’ Afrikaans

The Dutch modals, a paradigm?

This paper addresses the question how to define the notion of a "paradigm", as a cognitively real phenomenon. The discussion is based on the case of a set of forms from a linguistic class that is not part of the traditional domain of "paradigmhood" (i.e. inflectional morphology): the modal auxiliaries in Dutch. The paper presents the results of a few studies into the diachronic evolution of these forms, grammatically and semantically, showing how a subset of them has gradually accumulated shared features and developed an internal division of labor, thus displaying active group behavior

The Dutch modals, a paradigm?

This paper addresses the question how to define the notion of a "paradigm", as a cognitively real phenomenon. The discussion is based on the case of a set of forms from a linguistic class that is not part of the traditional domain of "paradigmhood" (i.e. inflectional morphology): the modal auxiliaries in Dutch. The paper presents the results of a few studies into the diachronic evolution of these forms, grammatically and semantically, showing how a subset of them has gradually accumulated shared features and developed an internal division of labor, thus displaying active group behavior

(Thio)ureido Anion Receptors Based on a 1,3-Alternate Oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine Scaffold

In pursuit of highly preorganized macrocyclic host molecules for the complexation of anions, a series of oxacalix[2]­arene[2]­pyrimidine-based bis­(thio)­ureido receptors were synthesized and fully characterized. The pincer-like 1,3-alternate conformation of the oxacalix[4]­arene scaffold, essential for an efficient host–guest interaction, was visualized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and supported by variable-temperature NMR studies. The anion binding properties of the receptors were evaluated via ¹H NMR titration experiments, showing intermolecular interactions with H₂PO₄^–, AcO^–, BzO^–, and Cl^– ions. The host molecule bearing 4-nitrophenyl substituents on the bisurea binding pocket showed association constants in the range of 200–400 M^–1 in the strongly competitive solvent mixture of DMSO/0.5% H₂O

(Thio)ureido Anion Receptors Based on a 1,3-Alternate Oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine Scaffold

In pursuit of highly preorganized macrocyclic host molecules for the complexation of anions, a series of oxacalix[2]­arene[2]­pyrimidine-based bis­(thio)­ureido receptors were synthesized and fully characterized. The pincer-like 1,3-alternate conformation of the oxacalix[4]­arene scaffold, essential for an efficient host–guest interaction, was visualized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and supported by variable-temperature NMR studies. The anion binding properties of the receptors were evaluated via ¹H NMR titration experiments, showing intermolecular interactions with H₂PO₄^–, AcO^–, BzO^–, and Cl^– ions. The host molecule bearing 4-nitrophenyl substituents on the bisurea binding pocket showed association constants in the range of 200–400 M^–1 in the strongly competitive solvent mixture of DMSO/0.5% H₂O

(Thio)ureido Anion Receptors Based on a 1,3-Alternate Oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine Scaffold

In pursuit of highly preorganized macrocyclic host molecules for the complexation of anions, a series of oxacalix[2]­arene[2]­pyrimidine-based bis­(thio)­ureido receptors were synthesized and fully characterized. The pincer-like 1,3-alternate conformation of the oxacalix[4]­arene scaffold, essential for an efficient host–guest interaction, was visualized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and supported by variable-temperature NMR studies. The anion binding properties of the receptors were evaluated via ¹H NMR titration experiments, showing intermolecular interactions with H₂PO₄^–, AcO^–, BzO^–, and Cl^– ions. The host molecule bearing 4-nitrophenyl substituents on the bisurea binding pocket showed association constants in the range of 200–400 M^–1 in the strongly competitive solvent mixture of DMSO/0.5% H₂O