30 research outputs found
Wat mutt, dat mutt: 'Independent' modals in West Germanic vernaculars
The squib investigates the dialectal distribution of the Dutch construction type het kan/mag/moet, lit. ‘it can/may/must’, where a modal verb occurs ‘independently’ with an eventive subject and no infinitival complement. The construction is shown to be widely attested not only in traditional dialects of Dutch, but also in Frisian, Low German, and Afrikaans. We suggest that the construction, which does not occur in standard German or English, is an areal feature shared by the West Germanic vernaculars of northwestern Germany and the Low Countries, including the South African ‘side branch’ Afrikaans
The Dutch modals, a paradigm?
This paper addresses the question how to define the notion of a "paradigm", as a cognitively real phenomenon. The discussion is based on the case of a set of forms from a linguistic class that is not part of the traditional domain of "paradigmhood" (i.e. inflectional morphology): the modal auxiliaries in Dutch. The paper presents the results of a few studies into the diachronic evolution of these forms, grammatically and semantically, showing how a subset of them has gradually accumulated shared features and developed an internal division of labor, thus displaying active group behavior
The Dutch modals, a paradigm?
This paper addresses the question how to define the notion of a "paradigm", as a cognitively real phenomenon. The discussion is based on the case of a set of forms from a linguistic class that is not part of the traditional domain of "paradigmhood" (i.e. inflectional morphology): the modal auxiliaries in Dutch. The paper presents the results of a few studies into the diachronic evolution of these forms, grammatically and semantically, showing how a subset of them has gradually accumulated shared features and developed an internal division of labor, thus displaying active group behavior
(Thio)ureido Anion Receptors Based on a 1,3-Alternate Oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine Scaffold
In pursuit of highly preorganized macrocyclic host molecules
for
the complexation of anions, a series of oxacalix[2]Âarene[2]Âpyrimidine-based
bisÂ(thio)Âureido receptors were synthesized and fully characterized.
The pincer-like 1,3-alternate conformation of the oxacalix[4]Âarene
scaffold, essential for an efficient host–guest interaction,
was visualized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and supported by variable-temperature
NMR studies. The anion binding properties of the receptors were evaluated
via <sup>1</sup>H NMR titration experiments, showing intermolecular
interactions with H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>,
AcO<sup>–</sup>, BzO<sup>–</sup>, and Cl<sup>–</sup> ions. The host molecule bearing 4-nitrophenyl substituents on the
bisurea binding pocket showed association constants in the range of
200–400 M<sup>–1</sup> in the strongly competitive solvent
mixture of DMSO/0.5% H<sub>2</sub>O
(Thio)ureido Anion Receptors Based on a 1,3-Alternate Oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine Scaffold
In pursuit of highly preorganized macrocyclic host molecules
for
the complexation of anions, a series of oxacalix[2]Âarene[2]Âpyrimidine-based
bisÂ(thio)Âureido receptors were synthesized and fully characterized.
The pincer-like 1,3-alternate conformation of the oxacalix[4]Âarene
scaffold, essential for an efficient host–guest interaction,
was visualized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and supported by variable-temperature
NMR studies. The anion binding properties of the receptors were evaluated
via <sup>1</sup>H NMR titration experiments, showing intermolecular
interactions with H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>,
AcO<sup>–</sup>, BzO<sup>–</sup>, and Cl<sup>–</sup> ions. The host molecule bearing 4-nitrophenyl substituents on the
bisurea binding pocket showed association constants in the range of
200–400 M<sup>–1</sup> in the strongly competitive solvent
mixture of DMSO/0.5% H<sub>2</sub>O
(Thio)ureido Anion Receptors Based on a 1,3-Alternate Oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine Scaffold
In pursuit of highly preorganized macrocyclic host molecules
for
the complexation of anions, a series of oxacalix[2]Âarene[2]Âpyrimidine-based
bisÂ(thio)Âureido receptors were synthesized and fully characterized.
The pincer-like 1,3-alternate conformation of the oxacalix[4]Âarene
scaffold, essential for an efficient host–guest interaction,
was visualized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and supported by variable-temperature
NMR studies. The anion binding properties of the receptors were evaluated
via <sup>1</sup>H NMR titration experiments, showing intermolecular
interactions with H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>,
AcO<sup>–</sup>, BzO<sup>–</sup>, and Cl<sup>–</sup> ions. The host molecule bearing 4-nitrophenyl substituents on the
bisurea binding pocket showed association constants in the range of
200–400 M<sup>–1</sup> in the strongly competitive solvent
mixture of DMSO/0.5% H<sub>2</sub>O